Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Profiles of Coconut Water and Meat at Different Maturity Stages

Abstract

Coconut is grown in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. The endosperm (water and meat) is consumed and processed in different forms. This study investigated the antioxidant activities and identified the phenolic compounds existing in the water and meat of coconut fruits at three different maturity stages, i.e., 180, 190, and 225 days after pollination from two planting areas in Thailand. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity indices increased as the coconut matured from 180 to 190 days after pollination and then decreased or remained unchanged at 225 days after pollination. Catechin and salicylic acid were the major phenolic compounds found in the water, while gallic, caffeic, salicylic, and p-coumaric acids were found in the meat. The fat content of the meat increased significantly with maturity stage. Medium chain fatty acids profiles were also analyzed. The results are important for producers, processors, and consumers to realize an optimal quality and functionality of coconut water and meat when used for specific purposes.

Effect of ozone and ultrasound treatments on polyphenol content, browning enzyme activities, and shelf life of tender coconut water

“…The total phenolic content in the fresh TCW was found to be 3.75 mg GAE/100 ml, which was slightly lower than the earlier reported total phenolic content in the fresh TCW by Mahayothee et al () (5.18–7.17 mg GAE/100 ml), and by Adubofuor et al () (4.68–9.51 mg GAE/100 ml) probably due to maturity, varietal, and climatic differences. Although there was significant ( p < .05) loss in total phenolics in treated TCW when compared to fresh TCW, no significant ( p > .05) difference in phenolic content of nonthermally and heat‐treated TCW was observed during refrigerated storage.…”

Analysis of Sugars and Fatty Acids during Haustorium Development and Seedling Growth of Coconut

“…Coconut haustorium can be used as sugar supplements. Coconut water (liquid endosperm) and meat (solid endosperm) is popular as food sources because of their benefits to human health (Yong et al, 2009; DebMandal and Mandal, 2011; Mahayothee et al, 2015). However, the knowledge about the usefulness of haustorium as food for human nutrition is still scanty.…”

Metabolite profiling, antioxidant activity, and glycosidase inhibition property of the mesocarp tissue extracts of sugar date palm [Phoenix sylvestris(L.) Roxb.] fruits

“…Indigenous fruits have antioxidant properties. [47,48] This study suggested the potential health beneficial effect of P. sylvestris fruit through prevention of formation of free radicals. The underutilized fruits of P. sylvestris could be used as a food ingredient because of the important biological activities determined during the present study.…”