Phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leaves

Abstract

BackgroundThe leaves of Leea indica (Vitaceae), commonly known as ‘Huo Tong Shu’ in Malaysia, have been traditionally used as natural remedy in folk medicine by the locals. The current study reports the outcome of antioxidant and cytotoxic investigation of L. indica leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. indica leaf crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) for evaluation of total phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cell lines.MethodsIn the present study, L. indica leaf crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) were firstly prepared prior to phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity assessment. Folin-Ciocalteau’s method was used for the measurement of total phenolic content of the extracts. The antioxidant activity was measured by employing three different established testing systems, such as scavenging activity on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals, reducing power assay and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity assay. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts were evaluated against three colon cancer cell lines with varying molecular characteristics (HT-29, HCT-15 and HCT-116) by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay.ResultsThe total phenolic content and antioxidant capabilities differed significantly among the L. indica leaf extracts. A strong correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant properties was found, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributor to the antioxidant properties of these extracts. Among the crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts, fractionated water extract showed significantly the highest total phenolic content and strongest antioxidant effect in all the antioxidant testing systems employed in this study. All the four extracts exert no damage to the selected colon cancer cells.ConclusionsThe data obtained in these testing systems clearly establish the antioxidant potency of the fractionated water extract of L. indica leaves. Additional studies should be carried out to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds in the fractionated water extract, in order to provide more convincing evidence.

Antioxidant and Antimalarial Activity of Leea indica leaf extract against Malaria-mice Model

“…The polar methanolic extract had the highest phenolic concentration, compared to ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract. This result different with the previous study reported from Malaysia where the phenolic concentration of 19.15 mg GAE/g from the ethanolic extract, 15.61 mg GAE/g from ethyl acetate and 1.29 mg GAE/g from n-hexane extract (Reddy et al, 2012). Another study conducted in Bangladesh also reported differently (Rahman et al, 2012), indicating that there is a different in phenolic concentration in L. indica leaf.…”

“…Leea indica, commonly known as Girang in Indonesia, is a plant which can be found in tropical as well as subtropical countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and other Asian Countries. It is traditionally used by local residents in Indonesia as a natural remedy including malaria possibly due to its phenolic content which has potency as an antioxidant (Reddy et al, 2012).…”

Cytotoxic Activity on Brine Shrimp, MCF-7 Cell Line and Thrombolytic Potential: Seven Different Medicinal Plant Leaves Extract

“…Leea indica: Malaysian rainforests store a large number of plant species which are important as the source of traditional medicine [15]. Leea indica (Vitaceae), commonly known as "Huo Tong Shu" in Malaysia, have been traditionally used as natural remedy in folk medicine by the locals.…”

Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Root, Stem and Leaves of Leea Indica Species

“…The strong antioxidant activities detected in methanol extract in stem and leaves of L. indica could be due to the presence of typical phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids [24]. Such activity of phenolic compounds was mainly due to its redox properties that allow them to act as reducing agent, hydrogen donating agent and singlet oxygen quenching [8,25] . Figure 4 shows the dot blot assay results using DCM and methanol extract of L. indica leaves and stem antioxidant compounds.…”

“…Methanol extracts from the whole plant of L.indica from Perak Malaysia showed high antioxidant and nitric acid inhibitory activities, whereby its root extract exhibited potential phosphodiestrase inhibitory activities that might be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity in L.indica extracts root [3]. The polar extract of L.indica leaves from Negeri Sembilan Malaysia was reported to exhibit a strong free radical scavenging activity which was due to high content of phenolic compounds [8].…”