Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Three Date Seeds Varieties (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) of Pakistan

Abstract

Background and objectives: This work aimed to evaluate the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of water extracts of three different date seed varieties i.e., Aseel, Karbalaen and Khupro. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds are available in bulk quantities after manufacturing of pitted dates or syrup and are considered as waste stream.Methods: Total phenolic content in date seeds was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. The phenolic compounds profile was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant capacity of each variety was investigated by 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assays.Results: Eight phenolics including gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid were detected in date seeds. The highest content of phenolics was found in Aseel, followed by Karbalaen and Khupro date seeds respectively. Furthermore, the phenolic profile also correlated with the antioxidant capacity of these samples. Conclusion:Date seeds contain significant level of phenolics and possess high antioxidant activity. Therefore, date seeds could be promising candidates for biomedical applications, functional foods and fortification to increase the shelf life of food products.

Evaluation of the Phenolic Composition and Biological Activities of Six Aqueous Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Extracts Originating from Different Countries: A Comparative Analysis

“…In addition, this activity could not be attributed to any of the detected phenolic compounds, which suggests the role of a certain polyphenol that was not detected on HPLC analysis due to limited standards used. P-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and chlorogenic acid were found to be dominant in date seeds but were not included as standards in our HPLC analysis for comparison between the examined date seed varieties [ 12 , 37 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

“…On the other hand, lauric acid, which is classified as a saturated fatty acid, was found to be preferable to trans-fatty acids in terms of disruption of lipid profile [ 56 ]. It also appeared to possess some antibacterial properties, as it inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria (especially S. aureus ) and reduced their ability to produce toxins [ 37 , 49 , 50 ]. Interestingly, lauric and mystric acids, which are both present in date seed oils, revealed preventive effects on the development of prostatic hyperplasia [ 57 , 58 ].…”

“…In contrast, Majdool had the lowest TEAC values (0.19 ± 0.01 and 0.18 ± 0.03 mmol TE/g sample in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively), as well as the lowest % DPPH inhibition (24.82 ± 1.48%) (Table 2). The antioxidant activities of date seeds showed a strong correlation with their TPC values, indicating that the exhibited radical scavenging property is associated with the total phenolic content, and polyphenols are the significant contributors to this effect [36][37][38]. and DPPH) are shown in Table 2.…”

Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera l.) Seed varieties: An in vitro assessment

“…The fruit of date palm is a rich source of nutrients and high content of bioactive substances like phenolic compounds. It also possesses variety of therapeutic potential such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and others (10). Date palm is supposed as a complete diet and medicinal plant as phytochemical studies have explained that the date palm contains anthocyanins, phenolics, sterols, carotenoids, and flavonoids.…”

“…Furthermore, the types of solvents and their polarity have an impact on the solubility of polyphenols (14,21), and the date-seeds contain a variety of polyphenols, each of which may have a distinct polarity. In comparison to a solvent that is just aqueous, acetone in aqueous solution dissolves hydrophilic and high molecular weight molecules (10). One of study reported that phenolics and flavonoids had comparable extraction patterns, with 50% aqueous acetone producing the best results comparative to pure acetone (7).…”