Phenolic Profile and Bioactivities of Sideritis perfoliata L.: The Plant, Its Most Active Extract, and Its Broad Biological Properties

Abstract

Sideritis, also named "ironwort," "mountain tea," or "shepherd's tea," is a genus of flowering plants used as herbal medicine in traditional Mediterranean-area medicine systems, and these plants are generally consumed as a herbal tea. Its use as herbal tea and in traditional herbal medicine is quite popular. There are currently few studies on Sideritis perfoliata L., and only one reports the use of a liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS n ) profile and the content of phenolic compounds without considering a possible correlation with its biological activities. This paper aims to investigate the antioxidant activities by means of several different biological/biochemical assays (radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating, and total antioxidant by phosphomolybdenum and b-carotene bleaching methods) as well as analyze the enzyme inhibitory activities (against AChE (acetylcholinesterase), BChE (butyrylcholinesterase), tyrosinase, a-glucosidase, and a-amylase) as well as the total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The reported results on Sideritis perfoliata highlighted that methanol and water extracts generally showed higher radical scavenging and reducing power activities. A similar trend could be observed for phosphomolybdenum and ferrous ion chelating activities. Methanol extracts showed lower activity only for the b-carotene bleaching assay.

Influence of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Conditions on the LC-ESI-MS/MS Polyphenolic Profile, Triterpenoid Content, and Antioxidant and Anti-lipoxygenase Activity of Rhododendron luteum Sweet Leaves

“…The examined extracts were characterized by quite low or moderate ion chelating ability. It was found that water extract of S. perfoliata had approximately ten times higher activity than the RL aqueous samples [ 51 ]. Similarly, decoctions and infusions made from different Crataegus species were ten times more active than our aqueous extracts [ 52 ].…”

Water Extract from Inflorescences of Industrial Hemp Futura 75 Variety as a Source of Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Proliferative and Antimycotic Agents: Results from In Silico, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies

“…In this regard, a docking study was conducted to investigate potential interactions of rutin with lanosterol 14-α-demethylase ( Figure 12), an enzyme involved in the ergosterol synthesis, in fungi, thus representing a key target of antimycotic therapy [51]. Additionally, plant-derived compounds have long been considered as promising anti-tyrosinase and antimycotic agents [47,48]. According to the bioinformatics analysis (Supplementary Material_Bioinformatics Folder), carvacrol could be responsible of the observed enzyme inhibition against tyrosinase, whereas, according to the fingerprint analysis (Table 2), we hypothesize that carvacrol and rutin could mediate, at least in part, the observed antimycotic activity [49,50].…”

Bioassay-Guided Skin-Beneficial Effects of Fractionated Sideritis raeseri subsp. raeseri Extract

“…In our study, total phenolic content in hydroethanolic extract was similar to previously reported data for hydromethanolic (52.60 ± 8.75) and hydroethanolic (48.9 ± 0,3 mg GAE/g dw) extracts of the same species S. raeseri [ 25 , 26 ]. Polar solvents such as water or methanol have been shown to be more efficient than ethyl acetate in extracting total phenolics from S. sipylea , S. perfoliata , S. ozturkii and S. arguta [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, it should be noted that differences in the extraction method may also affect the content of the components in the extracts.…”