Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of Capparis spinosa L.

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the phytochemical compositions and biological activities of ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Capparis spinosa L. As a result of spectrophotometric analyzes, MeOH extract was found to be richer in terms of both phenolics and flavonoids compared to other extracts [81.45 mg GAEs (gallic acid equivalent)/g and 36.57 mg RE (rutin equivalent)s/g, respectively], while chromatographic analyzes showed that the extract in question contains a significant amount of hepseridin (72927.48 µg/g), quercetin (1335.88 µg/g), hyperoside (1227.73 µg/g), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (924.08 µg/g). Phosphomolybdenum, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) reducing and ferrous ion chelating activity tests resulted in superiority of MeOH extract [371.0, 44.93, 56.46, 91.77, 52.61 mg TEs (trolox equivalent)/g and 14.85 mg EDTAEs/g, respectively]. On the other hand, EtOAc extract exhibited higher activity than other extracts in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity tests [3.29, 2.12 mg GALAEs (galanthamine equivalent)/g, 541.01 and 1584.20 mg ACEs (acarbose equivalent)/g, respectively]. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity test resulted in the superiority of MeOH extract [41.90 mg KAEs (kojic acid equivalent)/g]. A strong correlation was determined between the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts and their antioxidant activities.

Algerian Capparis spinosa n-BuOH Extract Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathy Induced with Streptozotocin in Ratss

“…In general, different compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside), kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside (kaempferol-3-Orhamnoglucoside), kaempferol-3-rhamnosylrutinoside, have been reported in many parts of the C. spinosa plant, such as leaves, seeds, berries and flower buds [60][61][62][63] at different concentrations. Despite the fact that C. spinosa are generally known for their richness in rutin, the specific phenolic composition of C. spinosa extracts is dependent on several factors, which may be due to the used technique, the type of solvents, and the origin of samples, as has been previously reported for many species [56,62,63]. This is just a preliminary toxicity testing of the studied BECS.…”

“…C. spinosa has been reported for its richness in secondary metabolites, in particular flavonoids and phenolic acids [24]. Despite that, C. spinosa has been previously studied with an exclusive attention to ethanolic, hydro-ethanolic, methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts [51][52][53][54][55][56], no studies have been carried out on the n-BuOH fraction. In the present results, phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in n-BuOH plant extract from C. spinosa with values of 1000.44±6.48 µg GAE/mg extract of TP and 568.27±5.80 µg QE /mg extract of TF (Table 2), which seems ranged between (140.86 ± 0.62 to 1670.1 ± 62.2 µg GA-Eq/g of TP and 230.50 ± 0.76 µg Q-Eq/g to 530.8 ± 8.9 µg Eq Rutin/g of TF when recorded in different fractions of Algerian C. spinosa [16,57].…”