Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim

Abstract

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the E. senticosus fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC50 values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity.

The phytochemical study of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim) leaves in hydroponics and soil culture

“…The According to the Pharmacopeia requirements [8,9,12,16,18,19,33,34] the medicinal raw material of E. senticosus is the root. Our literature data [20,42] has shown that the leaves of E. senticosus are also a good source of BAC.…”

A Phyto-mycotherapeutic Supplement, Namely Ganostile, as Effective Adjuvant in Brain Cancer Management: An In Vitro Study Using U251 Human Glioblastoma Cell Line

“…Diversely, a paucity of data exists concerning the effects induced by the other two extracts composing the blend, i.e., E. senticosus and E. purpurea , on glioma or GBM cell lines. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory action and antioxidant properties of both E. senticosus and E. purpurea have been recorded [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], revealing their ability to activate an ancillary onco-suppression mechanism and to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy [ 62 ]. Therefore, although the current data are preliminary and further investigations could be carried out to better highlight possible synergistic effects of the proposed treatments, evaluating potential in vitro antitumor activity after combined treatments using the proposed chemotherapeutic and phyto-mycotherapeutic treatments (e.g., through the use of Chou and Talalay or similar formalism), as well as the possible in vivo metabolism, immunomodulatory effects, and blood–brain barrier permeability, the present investigation seems to support the use of this phyto-micotherapeutic preparation as a promising adjuvant in the field of integrative oncology, also paving the way to further in-depth studies devoted to clarifying the cellular/molecular mechanisms induced by each natural extract composing Ganostile .…”

Electrochemical Characterization of the Antioxidant Properties of Medicinal Plants and Products: A Review

“…Lignans (eleutherosides), flavonoids (rutoside, hyperoside, prunin, isoquercetin, kaempferol glycosides), hydroxycinnamic (chlorogenic, ferulic, rosmarinic, caffeic), and hydroxybenzoic (protocatechuic, vanillic, gallic) acids [57][58][59][60] Eucalyptus spp. Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, catechin) and phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, and ellagic) [61] Hypericum perforatum L.…”