Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties

Francini, Alessandra; Fidalgo-Illesca, Carmen; Raffaelli, Andrea; Sebastiani, L.

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8010040

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A substantial amount of literature describes the AP bioactive molecules such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins, dietary fiber, and minerals [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], but as far as we know, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its content in fatty acids, amino acids, and especially, aroma volatile compounds. Analytical techniques such as HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography), HS-SPME (headspace solid-phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), GC-MS, and HS–SPME/GC–qMS (headspace–solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography combined with quadrupole mass spectrometry) were used by a large body of literature for the identification and quantification of amino acids and aroma volatile compounds, respectively [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while stearic acid was the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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“…Discovery “Rose” from Telemark (T4) had the highest mineral content (24,094.5 mg/kg dw), which is mainly due to the highest content of K and P. The most abundant element in all samples analyzed was potassium, ranging from 7331.7 mg/kg dw in Discovery from Telemark (T3) up to 21,633.4 mg/kg dw in Discovery “Rose” from Telemark (T4), followed by phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). According to the literature data, K is also the most abundant element [ 31 ], followed by P [ 30 , 32 , 33 ]. Similarly, K, Ca, and P were the most abundant elements in Norwegian organic apples grown in western Norway [ 7 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mg content was higher than the Ca content in all samples analyzed in our study. By contrast, the Ca and Mg content in old Tuscan apple cultivars and the reference cultivar “Golden Delicious” depended on genotype [ 31 ]. Moreover, compared to the analysis of apples in Romania [ 33 ], the K content in our study was two-fold lower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Quality Attributes of Organically Grown Norwegian Apples Are Affected by Cultivar and Location

Natić,

Dabić Zagorac,

Jakanovski

et al. 2024

Plants

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In this work, 12 apple cultivars grown organically in three regions of Norway (Telemark, Ullensvang, Viken) were analyzed in terms of fruit quality, with the aim of equating different growing regions under specific climatic conditions. Apples were analyzed for concentration levels of minerals, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and phenolic profiles. Discovery “Rose” from Telemark stored the highest level of minerals (24,094.5 mg/kg dry weight). Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol were the major carbohydrates, whereas the predominant organic acids were quinic acid and malic acid. Cultivar Discovery from Ullensvang had the highest TPC (9.22 g/kg) and RSA (229.32 mmol TE/kg). Of the polyphenols quantified, chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the most abounded, accounting for 85.50%. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the Ullensvang region is the richest source of most carbohydrates, organic acids (quinic, shikimic, and galacturonic), and most polyphenols, whereas the highest content of minerals and maleic acid characterized Viken. Regardless of location, the Discovery cultivar had, on average, the highest sugar and polyphenol contents. The results obtained suggest that organic apples from Norway are a rich source of beneficial compounds that can have a positive impact on human health. In addition, these results may be useful for consumers in identifying apple cultivars with desirable characteristics and for the fruit industry in tracing back the origin of apples. The findings could also be of great interest for locations with similar climate and soil conditions worldwide.

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“…The sample extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis protocols and operation source parameters are the same reported by Francini et al 18 Briefly, 4 frozen pericarp tissue samples with three biological replicates were grounded under liquid nitrogen, and 100 mg probe was mixed with 2 mL of methanol, filtered with a Whatman cartridge (0.45 μm) and diluted 1:20 with MilliQ water. Targeted quantitative analysis of selected polyphenols has been carried out with a Sciex 5500 QTrap+ mass spectrometer (AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, MA), coupled to a Turbo V ion-spray source and attached to an ExionLC AC System custom built by Shimadzu (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyphenol Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Biofortification Impacts the Tomato Fruit Metabolome and Transcriptional Profile at Ripening

Shiriaev,

Brizzolara,

Sorce

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In the present work, the effects of enriching tomatoes with selenium were studied in terms of physiological, metabolic, and molecular processes in the last stages of fruit development, particularly during ripening. A selenium concentration of 10 mg L –1 with sodium selenate and selenium nanoparticles was used in the spray treatments on the whole plants. No significant effects of selenium enrichment were detected in terms of ethylene production or color changes in the ripening fruit. However, selenium enrichment had an influence on both the primary and secondary metabolic processes and thus the biochemical composition of ripe tomatoes. Selenium decreased the amount of β-carotene, increased the accumulation of naringenin and chlorogenic acid, and decreased the coumaric acid level. Selenium also affected the volatile organic compound profile, with changes in the level of specific apocarotenoid compounds, such as β-ionone. These metabolomic changes may, to some extent, be due to the impact of selenium treatment on the transcription of genes involved in the metabolism of these compounds. RNA-seq analysis showed that the selenium application mostly impacted the expression of the genes involved in hormonal signaling, secondary metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and glycosaminoglycan degradation.

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Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Fruit Quality Attributes of Organically Grown Norwegian Apples Are Affected by Cultivar and Location

Selenium Biofortification Impacts the Tomato Fruit Metabolome and Transcriptional Profile at Ripening

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