Phenological growth stages of Montpelier Rock‐Rose Mediterranean shrub (Cistus monspeliensis): codification and description according to the BBCH scale

Abstract

Shrubland species are important vegetation component resulting from the degradation of Mediterranean forests due to anthropic activities, and constitute the first step of soil covering process subsequent to disturbances such as fire, grazing and deforestation. They represent interesting case studies for their adaptability to challenging climate and soil conditions, and for their potential use in the protection and enhancement of biodiversity. Montpelier Rock-Rose (Cistus monspeliensis) is a shrubland species growing widespread around the Mediterranean Basin. It is a drought semi-deciduous species well adapted to cope to the particularly severe climate conditions of this area. The BBCH scale is widely adopted throughout the world for the description of growth developmental stages of several economically important crops but a detailed description of the phenological growth stages of Montpelier Rock-Rose has never been developed. In this work, the description of the phenological growth stages of Montpelier Rock-Rose according to the BBCH scale was provided. The description is supplemented by images of principal phenological stages. This work might contribute to a better understanding of the life cycles of Mediterranean shrubland species, providing a useful tool for supporting studies on the responses of shrubs to the seasonal changes due to climate warming.A. Piga et al. Phenological growth stages of Montpelier Rock-Rose ReferencesAgustí M., Zaragoza S., Bleiholder H., Buhr L., Hack H., Klose R., Stauss R. (1997) Adaptation de l'échelle BBCH à la description des stades phénologiques des agrumes du genre Citrus. Fruits, 52, 287-295.

Cistus monspeliensis extract as antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor of ordinary steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid medium

“…In Morocco, it grows in different regions, particularly in northern Morocco (Rif region) on dry and sunny soils where it blooms in spring. The plant is a very fragrant, greenish shrub with sessile leaves, sticky, coarsely reticulated, with rolled edges; it has very fragrant white flowers 2 to 3 cm long 41 . This Moroccan medicinal plant is known locally as "shtapa" is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes disease and to fight against insects 33,42,43 .…”

Patrones espectrales de la fenología del desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo de arboles de huizache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.).

“…La agricultura, agrometeorología y las aseguradoras agrícolas usan estadios fenológicos de plantas con objetivos diferentes (Peng et al, 2018). También las ciencias botánicas aplicadas usan estadios de desarrollo fenológicos (Reed et al, 2003;Piga et al, 2018). En 1991, un grupo de trabajo interdisciplinario propuso la escala BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) para la descripción de las etapas de crecimiento de cultivos y malezas (Lancashire et al, 1991); a partir de la cual Hack et al (1992) propuso una escala más avanzada, la escala BBCH extendida, para especies de plantas mono y dicotiledóneas.…”