Phenological responses of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) to riparian thermal conditions

Tsai, Chih‐Wei; Young, Thomas M.; Warren, Philip H.; Maltby, Lorraine

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2016.02.001

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Some temperate tree species require significant chilling to initiate budburst (Hänninen, ) and thus milder winters may delay spring phenology. There appears to be geographical variation in the response of sycamore trees to winter chilling, with spring budburst of sycamore in Germany (Laube et al, ), but not the United Kingdom (Tansey et al, ; Tsai, Young, Warren, & Maltby, ), being influenced by exposure to winter chill. It is unclear if this is due to reduced exposure to winter chill (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological responses in a sycamore–aphid–parasitoid system and consequences for aphid population dynamics: A 20 year case study

Senior

Evans

Leather

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Species interactions have a spatiotemporal component driven by environmentalcues, which if altered by climate change can drive shifts in community dynamics.There is insufficient understanding of the precise time windows during which inter-annual variation in weather drives phenological shifts and the consequences for mismatches between interacting species and resultant population dynamicsparticularly for insects. We use a 20 year study on a tri-trophic system: sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, two associated aphid species Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Periphyllus testudinaceus and their hymenopteran parasitoids. Using a sliding window approach, we assess climatic drivers of phenology in all three trophic levels. We quantify the magnitude of resultant trophic mismatches between aphids and their plant hosts and parasitoids, and then model the impacts of these mismatches, direct weather effects and density dependence on local-scale aphid population dynamics.Warmer temperatures in mid-March to late-April were associated with advanced sycamore budburst, parasitoid attack and (marginally) D. platanoidis emergence.The precise time window during which spring weather advances phenology varies considerably across each species. Crucially, warmer temperatures in late winter delayed the emergence of both aphid species. Seasonal variation in warming rates thus generates marked shifts in the relative timing of spring events across trophic levels and mismatches in the phenology of interacting species. Despite this, we found no evidence that aphid population growth rates were adversely impacted by the magnitude of mismatch with their host plants or parasitoids, or direct impacts of temperature and precipitation. Strong density dependence effects occurred in both aphid species and probably buffered populations, through density-dependent compensation, from adverse impacts of the marked inter-annual climatic variation that occurred during the study period. These findings explain the resilience of aphid populations to climate change and uncover a key mechanism, warmer winter temperatures delaying insect phenology, by which climate change drives asynchronous shifts between interacting species. K E Y W O R D Semergence, hymenopteran parasitoids, pests, phytophagous insects, population size, woodland | 2815 SENIOR Et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%