Phenological study of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) in dystrophic yellow latosol under the savanna conditions of Roraima

Abstract

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a commercially significant fruit species due to its nutritional qualities. The state of Roraima has excellent soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of the species. However, no studies on the phenological behavior of this plant have been reported in the literature. In this context, the objective of this work was to investigate the vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of sugar apple under the savanna conditions of the state of Roraima. The experiment was carried out in four seasons of the year (2014/2014 and 2015/2015 rainy season and 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 Summer). Production pruning was carried out in February 2014 (2014.1 cycle), September 2014 (2014.2 cycle), February 2015 (2015.1 cycle) and September 2015 (2015.2 cycle). Forty plants were monitored during the experiment and evaluated every three days for the following variables: beginning date of bud swelling; duration of flowering; and fruit harvest time. From the observed data, the periods (days) between each phenological stage were calculated: pruning/bud swelling; pruning/beginning of flowering; bud swelling/anthesis; pruning/anthesis; anthesis/beginning of fruit harvest; duration of fruit harvest, and crop cycle (production pruning/harvest). The duration of the cycle, from the production pruning to the harvest varied according to the productive period, recording 146 days for the 2014.1 cycle and 127 days for the 2014.2 cycle, which proves that the phenological behavior of the species is influenced by climatic conditions.

Determining the preliminary performance of selected Annonaceae cultivars in subtropical conditions

“…were delayed by 16 and 30 days compared to 'Lessard Thai' and 'Red', respectively. Similar responses to those found in the present study were found by (Pereira et al 2014a), who obtained artificial pollination intervals at 97 days for 'Lessard Thai', 98 days for 'Red' and 115 days for 'Gefner' and with A. squamosa L, respectively (Moura et al 2019a) (Table 1).…”

“…Thus, rapid temperature increases in the period of growth and reproductive development may lead to early or delayed flowering. This has been documented to occur in sugar apple grown under semiarid and tropical savanna conditions (Alves Rodrigues et al, 2018;Moura et al, 2020Moura et al, , 2019a.…”

“…Therefore, the duration of each phenological stage of the species will differ depending on some factors, such as genotype, edaphoclimatic conditions and crop management (Moura et al, 2020). The identification of the phenological phases for each cultivar and their duration may allow for manipulating these crops during favorable and unfavorable periods of the vegetative and reproductive cycles (Moura et al, 2020(Moura et al, , 2019a.…”

“…Annonaceae (annona) are considered easily adaptable, being grown in regions of tropical and subtropical climate with excellent productivity. However, despite their easy adaptation to climatic conditions, species and cultivars show variations in their phenological phases due to climate differences (Moura et al, 2020; Alves Rodrigues et al 2018;Liu et al 2015;Mendes et al 2017;Moura et al, 2019a;Pereira et al, 2014a). These seasonal variations influence each species, genotype, and cultivar even among orchards of differing production regions e.g., Florida in contrast to Ecuador (Camargo et al, 2011;Moura et al, 2020Moura et al, , 2019bOlesen & Muldoon 2012;Oliveira et al, 2018;Rivero et al, 2017).…”

Geo-environmental Analysis of Watersheds on the Eastern Coast of the State of Maranhão, Brazil and Interface with Lençóis Maranhenses National Park

“…Fertility conditions are low, which explains the dystrophic properties and minimal productive capacity for agricultural use. These types of soil have low natural fertility due to deficiencies in phosphorus, potassium and calcium (EMBRAPA, 2018;Moura et al, 2019). With dystrophic yellow latosol pedological coverage, lithological and pedological conditions favor the infiltration and percolation of water, hindering the emergence of a dense drainage network (Souza and Silva, 2022).…”