Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province, North western of Iran

Hazratian, Teimour; Rassi, Yavar; Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali; Yaghoobi–Ershadi, Mohammad Reza; Fallah, Esmaeil; Shirzadi, Mohammad Reza; Rafizadeh, Sayena

doi:10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60156-9

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several studies in some restricted regions of Azarbayjan‐e‐sharqi and Ardabil provinces, two endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis, have been carried out in order to identify the sand fly fauna and probable Leishmania infection. Hazratian et al (2011) studied the phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in Azar shahr district. To our knowledge, no investigation has been carried out to study and quantify the possible effects of altitude and physical barriers on sand fly populations in these regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) distribution in the endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in northwestern Iran

Akhoundi¹,

Mirzaei²,

Baghaei³

et al. 2013

Journal of Vector Ecology

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An entomological study was conducted from June to September, 2010 in rural regions of Azarbayjan-e-sharqi, Azarbayjan-eqarbi, and Ardabil provinces in northwestern Iran to determine sand fly fauna, diversity, and distribution in different habitats and altitudes using both sticky papers and light traps. Geographical distribution of sand flies and the similarity of populations in different locations were analyzed ecologically based on the Shannon-Wiener Index and Jacard Coefficient, respectively. A total of 3,982 specimens was collected and sixteen species recorded. They belonged to the genera Phlebotomus [subgenus Phlebotomus (P. papatasi), Paraphlebotomus (P. sergenti, P. mongolensis, P. caucasicus, P. jacusieli), Larroussius (P. major s.l., P. tobbi, P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus, P. kandelakii) and Adlerius (P. halepensis, P. brevis, P. longiductus, P. balcanicus)], and Sergentomyia [subgenus Sergentomyia (S. sintoni, S.dentata and S. theodori)]. P. papatasi was the predominant species in all the locations except Bileh Savar, Macu, and Meshkin Shahr, followed by P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus and P. kandelakii. The latter species were caught from different habitats and altitudes with higher frequency than other species of the subgenus Larroussius.The lowest abundance belonged to P. jacusieli. The predominant species of subgenus Adlerius was P. halepensis. Data analysis showed that Meshkin Shahr and Bileh Savar had high and low diversities of sand fly distribution, respectively. Meshkin Shahr and Sarab districts had the highest similarity. Both are located in the foothills of Sabalan Mountain, with high diversity and richness. Journal of Vector Ecology 38 (1): 97-104. 2013.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) distribution in the endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in northwestern Iran

Akhoundi¹,

Mirzaei²,

Baghaei³

et al. 2013

Journal of Vector Ecology

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“…It has been admitted that phlebotomine sand flies have a more or less definite seasonal distribution pattern in Mediterranean countries, become visible in late spring or early summer, and are active until early autumn ( 53 , 54 ). However, various studies have verified the bimodal pattern of temporal dispersion of phlebotomine sand flies with one peak in spring and another in summer or autumn ( 11 , 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioecological Study on the Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Sari County, North of Iran

Hosseini-Vasoukolaei¹,

Ghavibazou²,

Akhavan³

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania species, the causative agents of leishmaniasis in the world. Present study aimed to evaluate the bioecological aspects of sand flies in different ecotopes in Sari County, north of Iran. Methods: Sand flies were collected from four villages in mountainous, forest, plain and peri-urban areas monthly using sticky traps in May–October 2016. Mounted specimens were identified using valid identification keys under optical microscope. The Arc GIS 10.5 software was applied for showing the distribution of sand flies. Shannon-Weiner, Simpson and Evenness species diversity indices were calculated. Results: Generally, 334 specimens were captured and identified, namelly Phlebotomus kandelakii, Ph. papatasi, Ph. major, Ph. sergenti, Ph. longiductus, Ph. halepensis, Ph. tobbi, Sergentomyia dentata, Se. theodori, Se. sintoni, Se. antennata and Se. sumbarica. The most common species was Ph. kandelakii (n= 128, 38.32 %). The highest Simpson index (0.81) and abundance (N= 141) were recorded in the mountaineous area. Shannon diversity index was higher in the forest (H'= 1.53) and the highest evenness index was in the plain area (J'= 0.93). The highest richness (S= 9) and Shannon indices (H'= 1.57) were observed in June. Conclusions: Phlebotomus kandelakii, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi, Ph. longiductus, Se. theodori, Se. antennata and Se. sumbarica were recorded for the first time in the study area. Since some species are incriminated for leishmaniasis transmission, further studies are required in the northern regions of Iran to timely control measures planning.

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“…There is little data about the biodiversity of Iranian sand flies, indices for other species of insects were studied in northern Iran [ 54 , 55 ]. Findings of this study showed higher biodiversity (Mean: H ‘=1.21, J’ = 0.29) in the area compared to the northeast (H’ = 0.527–1.033, J’ = 0.345–0.380) (18) and northwest (H’ = 0.4131, J’ = 0.5309) [ 42 ] as well as lower in East Azerbaijan Province (H’ = 1.413–1.918) [ 23 ], and the Provinces of East and West Azerbaijan and Ardabil (H’ = 1.68–2.30, J’ = 0.73–0.88) [ 38 ]. Decreased species diversity in urban and semi-urban areas compared to natural (Khorasha) can also be due to the increase in population of dominant species such as Ph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are plenty of indices to study for biodiversity, but the most common are Simpson and Shannon-Wienner [ 20 ]. Biodiversity of Phlebotomine sand flies has been done in some provinces of Iran including Qom [ 21 ], Khuzestan [ 22 ] and West Azerbayjan Province [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Jajarm County, an area with high risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in North Khorasan, Iran

Jalali¹,

Nikookar²,

Hosseini-Vasoukolaei³

et al. 2022

BMC Zool

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The present study was conducted to investigate the ecological aspects of sand flies in southwestern North Khorasan, in which cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major has been reported with the highest annual incidence in Iran. Sampling was carried out in four localities including: Khorasha (natural), Ghamiteh (natural), Jorbat (semi urban) and Brick kilns (urban), twice a month using 105 sticky paper traps from indoors and outdoors dwellings during May-December 2017. Specimens were removed from sticky papers, washed in acetone, preserved in 80% ethanol, mounted on microscopic slides by Puri’s medium, and identified using valid morphological keys. Simpson (D), richness (S), Menhinick (DMg), Margalef (DMn), Shannon-Weiner (H′), evenness (J’) were calculated for species diversity. The synanthropic index was determined for the first time in the area. Totally 517 specimens were collected, 47% in outdoors and 30.4% in human indoor dwellings and 22.6% in animal. Eight species of sand flies including 5 species of the genus Phlebotomus and 3 species of the genus Sergentomyia were identified. Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni were the most common and Eudominant species, active in all months, collected in the maximum number and percentage in September and August, respectively, and showed the highest abundance in outdoors. The synanthropic index ranged from 6.25 to 38.9 in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener index was estimated to be up to 1.4 and 1.37 in Khorasha and November, respectively, which showed the highest diversity due to maximal richness and evenness compared to other areas. High abundance of Ph. papatasi, as the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, can enhance the potential risk of emerging CL in new areas, the data can be equally important when vector control measures are considered.

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Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province, North western of Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) distribution in the endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in northwestern Iran

Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) distribution in the endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in northwestern Iran

Bioecological Study on the Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Sari County, North of Iran

Ecology of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Jajarm County, an area with high risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in North Khorasan, Iran

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