Phenology in a warming world: differences between native and non‐native plant species

Zettlemoyer, Meredith A.; Schultheis, Elizabeth H.; Lau, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1111/ele.13290

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…It is recommended by the manufacturer that fosamine ammonium be applied within 2 mo of plant senescence. This is a challenging criterion to follow, given that woody plant phenology is highly variable across species and years (Fan et al 2019;Fridley 2012;Zettlemoyer et al 2019). Therefore, it is not always possible to discern the optimal time for fosamine ammonium application, and land managers may apply fosamine ammonium earlier than necessary to ensure sufficient coverage of target species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fosamine ammonium impacts on the targeted invasive shrubRhamnus catharticaand non-target herbs

Schuster

Bockenstedt

Wragg

2020

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Fosamine ammonium (Krenite®) is a foliar herbicide that primarily targets woody plant species; however, formal evaluations of its efficacy and potential for non-target impacts are scarce in the literature. The few tests of fosamine ammonium that exist focus primarily on its use in open environments, and the value of fosamine ammonium in controlling invasive understory shrubs is unclear. Here, we test the impact of fosamine ammonium on invasive common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and co-occurring herbaceous plants across six forest sites in Minnesota, USA. Rhamnus cathartica treated with fosamine ammonium had a 95% mortality rate, indicating high efficacy of fosamine ammonium for use against R. cathartica. Non-target impacts varied between forbs and graminoids such that forb cover was reduced by up to 85%, depending on site, whereas graminoid cover was sparse and impacts of fosamine ammonium on graminoids were unclear. These results indicate that while fosamine ammonium can provide effective control of R. cathartica and other understory shrubs, there is potential for significant non-target impacts following its use. We therefore suggest that land managers carefully consider the timing, rate, and application method of fosamine ammonium to achieve desired target and non-target impacts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fosamine ammonium impacts on the targeted invasive shrubRhamnus catharticaand non-target herbs

Schuster

Bockenstedt

Wragg

2020

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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“…Previous experimental studies of herbaceous plants have found evidence that the germination and flowering phenology of nonnative species exhibits greater phenological sensitivity to warming temperature than native species (Wainwright and Cleland 2013, Zettlemoyer et al 2019). However, responses under experimental conditions have the potential to differ significantly from the experienced responses of species in the field due to the complex, interactive nature of environmental cues (Wolkovich et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonnative species are predicted to have greater phenological sensitivity to climate than native species for two reasons (Willis et al 2010, Wolkovich and Cleland 2011, Wolkovich et al 2013, Zettlemoyer et al 2019). First, greater environmental sensitivity may allow nonnative species to maintain their fitness across a range of environments, which favors expansion within the introduced range (Richards et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonnative old‐field species inhabit early season phenological niches and exhibit unique sensitivity to climate

et al. 2020

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Native and nonnative plant species can exhibit differences in the timing of their reproductive phenology and their phenological sensitivity to climate. These contrasts may influence species' interactions and the invasion potential of nonnative species; however, a limited number of phenology studies expressly consider phenological mismatches among native and nonnative species over broad spatial or temporal scales. To fill this knowledge gap, we used two complementary approaches: First, we quantified the flowering phenology of native and nonnative plants at five old‐field sites across a spatially extensive range of eastern North America. Second, we used herbarium records to compare the sensitivity of flowering and fruiting phenology to climate across a 114‐yr time period in a subset of common old‐field species in southwestern Pennsylvania. Across the study region, nonnatives reproduced substantially earlier in the growing season than natives, suggesting that nonnatives occupy a unique phenological niche (0.55 months earlier flowering across the North American study sites; 50.1 d earlier flowering and 17.5 d earlier fruiting in southwestern Pennsylvania). Both natives and nonnatives advanced their reproductive phenology between 1900 and 2014 but exhibited contrasting phenological sensitivity to climate factors. During the flowering stage of phenology, nonnatives were more sensitive to changes in precipitation than natives and generally delayed flowering in wetter years. Nonnative plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the month preceding fruiting was warmer, while native plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the three‐month period preceding fruiting was warmer. Our findings suggest that nonnative old‐field species occupy an earlier phenological niche relative to native species, which may facilitate their invasion into old‐field communities. However, given the different sensitivities of native and nonnative plants to climate factors, present‐day patterns of phenology are likely to shift with future climate changes, potentially leading to novel species interactions that may influence the outcomes of invasion.

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“…Invasion ecologists have attempted to predict possible effects of climate change on plant invasions and range expansions by projecting current species temperature limits onto maps of future temperature conditions [109]. In theory, the hydroclimatic variables used in this study can be produced for climate change scenarios, allowing a mapping of potential future distributions, but these are not currently available [76].…”

Section: Implications For Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Five Aquatic Plants Native to South America and Invasive Elsewhere under Current Climate

Lozano

2021

Ecologies

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Biological invasions and climate pose two of the most important challenges facing global biodiversity. Certainly, climate change may intensify the impacts of invasion by allowing invasive plants to increase in abundance and further expand their ranges. For example, most aquatic alien plants in temperate climate are of tropical and subtropical origins and the northern limits of their ranges are generally determined by minimum winter temperatures, and they will probably expand their distributions northwards if climate warms. The distribution of five invasive aquatic plants in freshwater systems across continents were investigated. Their global distributions in the current climate were modeled using a recently developed ensemble species distribution model approach, specifically designed to account for dispersal constraints on the distributions of range-expanding species. It was found that the species appear capable of substantial range expansion, and that low winter temperature is the strongest factor limiting their invasion. These findings can be used to identify areas at risk of recently introduction of neophytes, and develop future monitoring programs for aquatic ecosystems, prioritizing control efforts, which enables the effective use of ecological niche models to forecast aquatic invasion in other geographic regions.

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Phenology in a warming world: differences between native and non‐native plant species

Cited by 82 publications

References 99 publications

Fosamine ammonium impacts on the targeted invasive shrubRhamnus catharticaand non-target herbs

Fosamine ammonium impacts on the targeted invasive shrubRhamnus catharticaand non-target herbs

Nonnative old‐field species inhabit early season phenological niches and exhibit unique sensitivity to climate

Distribution of Five Aquatic Plants Native to South America and Invasive Elsewhere under Current Climate

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