Phenome-wide association studies on cardiovascular health and fatty acids considering phenotype quality control practices for epidemiological data

Passero, Kristin; He, Xi; Zhou, Jiayan; Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram; Kleber, Marcus E.; Maerz, Winfried; Hall, Molly A.

doi:10.1142/9789811215636_0058

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cancer seriously threaten human health and reduce family happiness indices [ 1 , 2 ]. Perturbed lipid metabolism leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in tissues, such as the liver, thereby causing NAFLD and negatively influencing circulating lipid profile-inducing dyslipidemia [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Egg Yolk and Soybean Phospholipids on Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Protection in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

Yin

Matsuoka

et al. 2021

Foods

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Perturbed lipid metabolism leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in tissues, such as the liver, thereby causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and negatively influencing circulating lipid profile-inducing dyslipidemia. Phospholipids (PLs) with special biological activity are used to treat chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. PLs derived from egg yolk and soya bean have significant antioxidant and lipid-lowering abilities. This study examined the therapeutic effects of them on hyperlipidemia using a high-fructose-fed rat model; lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects were also analyzed. The results showed that both egg yolk and soya bean phospholipids (EPLs and SPLs) reduced liver weight, hepatic TG, and MDA content as well as serum ALT, AST, TBA, and CRP levels (p < 0.05). The PLs also showed hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. EPLs and SPLs could inhibit the accumulation of hepatic fatty acids C18:1N9C, C18:0, and C22:6NS of rats fed a high-fat-and-sucrose diet. The intake of EPLs could significantly increase acetylcholine content in the blood and brain tissue. Histological examination showed that PLs intake could ameliorate the damage to liver tissue. This study suggested that EPLs and SPLs had a certain capacity of hypolipidemic and liver protection, and the therapeutic benefits of EPLs tended to be more effective than that of soybean phospholipids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Egg Yolk and Soybean Phospholipids on Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Protection in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

Yin

Matsuoka

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The QC steps for each study design were performed separately using CLARITE (Lucas et al 2019;Passero et al 2020;Zhou et al 2020) with 963 environmental variables. For QC, 1) individuals with missing values for the phenotype or covariates were excluded; 2) variables were classified into binary, categorical, and continuous; 3) histograms were plotted for visualizing the distribution of the quantitative phenotypes and a log(x + 1) transformation was performed to normalize the data and reduce the high skewness for serum vitamin B12, serum folate, and serum iron; 4) variables for which 90% or more of the samples had values of zero were removed; 5) variables with n < 200 were dropped, and categorical/binary variables with a category size < 150 were removed (Table 5 and Table 6).…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Wide Association Studies of Anemia in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Zhou

Palmiero

Passero

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Anemia is a global health problem that can lead to chronic illness in adults and may be fatal in children and the elderly. While some dietary factors and heavy metals are known risk factors for anemia, there are no environment-wide studies of anemia. Objectives: Our goal was to identify environment-wide risk factors for anemia. Methods: We evaluated general anemia in children and adults and further classified anemia as a) iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency anemia; b) anemia in general chronic diseases; and c) anemia in chronic kidney disease. As well as quantitative measures including level of hemoglobin, serum vitamin B12, red blood cell (RBC) folate, and serum iron. Environment-wide association studies (EWAS) were performed to identify novel environmental risk factors of anemia in discovery and replication subsets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Results: We identified and replicated 106 potential environmental risk factors for anemia. As expected, serum iron was the top exposure associated with general anemia for adults. Cadmium was associated with adult hemoglobin levels, as were vitamin Bs, micronutrients, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Further, decreased levels of multiple vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin Es and multiple vitamin Bs, were associated with general anemia in adults. Use of tobacco and alcohol was also found to be associated with red blood cell folate and serum iron levels. In children, serum iron level was associated with folic acid supplements and vitamin A supplements. Discussion: This is the first EWAS of anemia, providing insights into the environmental etiology of anemia risk in children and adults. These results may lead to the development of public health recommendations to mitigate anemia risk factors.

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“…However, some genetic studies have been performed to assess which participant biotype could best benefit from these supplements. 12 Therefore, there is a need for further studies to evaluate the role of these substances, especially gammalinolenic acid, which plays an important role in metabolism and helps in bone density gain. 13 In a recent study involving over 5,000 postmenopausal women, it was found that more than 30% of the participants were obese and that this factor increased the incidence of systemic arterial hypertension.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Information on other dietary fatty acids (saturated and linolenic acids) is generally less robust and inconclusive. However, some genetic studies have been performed to assess which participant biotype could best benefit from these supplements 12 . Therefore, there is a need for further studies to evaluate the role of these substances, especially gamma-linolenic acid, which plays an important role in metabolism and helps in bone density gain 13 …”

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confidence: 99%

Is there a beneficial effect of gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on body fat in postmenopausal hypertensive women? A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Objective: Systemic arterial hypertension and obesity are major public health problems that increase risks of serious cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure as well as increase mortality. Substances that can alleviate these problems are desirable. We evaluated the beneficial effects of nutritional supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study involving 96 postmenopausal women. Participants were divided into two groups either receiving 1,000 mg of borage oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid + vitamin E (drug) or only vitamin E (placebo) capsules for 6 months. They were followed up monthly to assess the impact on systemic blood pressure and body composition. To verify group homogeneity, Fisher's exact and Student t tests were performed. To evaluate differences in various parameters between the two groups and at various times, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed, with Bonferroni correction. Results: The power of the test was calculated based on the difference in the mean systolic blood pressure between baseline and after 6 months of treatment in the placebo group and in the drug group. A 92.9% test power was found with a 95% confidence interval. There was a significant reduction in the systolic and diastolic pressure as well as a significant change in waist-hip ratio (P < 0.01) in the drug group as compared with the placebo group. Conclusions: Supplementation with borage oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid had significant beneficial short-term effects without showing any adverse effect. There remains a need for further studies to evaluate long-term benefits.

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Phenome-wide association studies on cardiovascular health and fatty acids considering phenotype quality control practices for epidemiological data

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Egg Yolk and Soybean Phospholipids on Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Protection in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

Comparison of Egg Yolk and Soybean Phospholipids on Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Protection in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

Environment-Wide Association Studies of Anemia in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Is there a beneficial effect of gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on body fat in postmenopausal hypertensive women? A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

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