Tunnelling measurements have been carried out on heavily underdoped,
slightly overdoped and partially Ni-substituted Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
(Bi2212) single crystals by using a break-junction technique. We find that
in-plane tunnelling spectra below Tc are a combination of the incoherent
part from the pseudogap and coherent quasiparticle peaks. There is a clear
correlation between the magnitude of the pseudogap and the magnitude of the
superconducting gap in Bi2212. Analysis of the data suggests that the tunnelling pseudogap in Bi2212 is predominantly a charge-density-wave gap
on dynamical charge stripes. The tunnelling characteristics corresponding to
the quasiparticle peaks are in excellent agreement with theoretical
predictions made for a quasi-one-dimensional topological-excitation liquid. In
addition, analysis of the data measured by different techniques shows that the
phase coherence along the c-axis is established at Tc due to spin
fluctuations in local antiferromagnetic domains of CuO2 planes.