Phenomenology of high-ozone episodes in NE Spain

Querol, Xavier; Gangoiti, Gotzon; Mantilla, Enrique; Alastuey, Andrés; Minguillón, María Cruz; Amato, Fúlvio; Reche, Cristina; Viana, Mar; Moreno, Teresa; Karanasiou, Angeliki; Rivas, Ioar; Pérez, Noemí; Ripoll, Anna; Brines, M.; Ealo, Marina; Pandolfi, M.; Lee, Hong-Ku; Eun, Hee-Ram; Park, Yong‐Hee; Escudero, Miguel; Beddows, D. C. S.; Harrison, Roy M.; Bertrand, Amélie; Marchand, Nicolas; Lyasota, Andrei; Codina, Bernat; Olid, Miriam; Udina, Mireia; Jiménez‐Esteve, Bernat; Soler, M. R.; Alonso, Lucio; Millán, Millán; Ahn, Kang‐Ho

doi:10.5194/acp-17-2817-2017

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recently, Querol et al (2016) provided evidence that the highest O 3 episodes, with hourly exceedances of the information threshold for informing the population (180 µg m −3 ) during 2000-2015, occurred mostly around these densely populated or industrialised areas. Querol et al (2017) report that the high-O 3 plume transported from the metropolitan area of Barcelona contributed decisively to the frequent exceedances of the information threshold in the northern areas of Barcelona during the acute O 3 episodes in July 2015. They also demonstrate that the associated meteorology was very complex, similar to the scenarios involving the vertical recirculation of air masses reported by Gangoiti et al (2001), Millán (2014), andDiéguez et al (2014) for other regions of the Western Mediterranean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

et al. 2018

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Various studies have reported that the photochemical nucleation of new ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban environments within high insolation regions occurs simultaneously with high ground ozone (O 3 ) levels. In this work, we evaluate the atmospheric dynamics leading to summer O 3 episodes in the Madrid air basin (central Iberia) by means of measuring a 3-D distribution of concentrations for both pollutants. To this end, we obtained vertical profiles (up to 1200 m above ground level) using tethered balloons and miniaturised instrumentation at a suburban site located to the SW of the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), the Majada-honda site (MJDH), in July 2016. Simultaneously, measurements of an extensive number of air quality and meteorological parameters were carried out at three supersites across the MMA. Furthermore, data from O 3 soundings and daily radio soundings were also used to interpret atmospheric dynamics.The results demonstrate the concatenation of venting and accumulation episodes, with relative lows (venting) and peaks (accumulation) in O 3 surface levels. Regardless of the episode type, the fumigation of high-altitude O 3 (arising from a variety of origins) contributes the major proportion of surface O 3 concentrations. Accumulation episodes Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periods with available AEMET free soundings of O 3 are bracketed with red (accumulation) or blue (venting) squares. The vertical O 3 and UFP profiling campaign is marked with a green square.6516 X. Querol et al: Summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area(Reche et al, 2018) inside the MAB(Fig. 1).…”

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Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

et al. 2018

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“…In contrast, northwestern advections (NWad) transport air masses from the Atlantic towards the north and west of the IP and they are characterized by atmospheric instability and intense ventilation. Periods of accumulation and venting of pollutants follow the same sequence of pressure ridging and troughing respectively, of the lower and middle troposphere of the IP during the warm season (Querol et al, , 2018. According to the circulation type classification in Valverde et al (2014), the selected episode started with the development of the ITL (21-25 July), followed by a NWad-venting period (26-29 July) and ended with the development of another ITL (30-31 July).…”

Section: Description Of the Ozone Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the northern Spanish Mediterranean areas, intense O 3 episodes often affect the plains and valleys located 60 km north of the Barcelona metropolitan area (BMA) in summer (Toll and Baldasano, 2000;Gonçalves et al, 2009;Valverde et al, 2016a;Querol et al, 2017). High NO x concentrations from the BMA combined with high biogenic VOC lev- In the centre of the IP, intense O 3 episodes occurred during the development of the ITL, where the affected area depends on the synoptic conditions (Querol et al, 2018). Under the absence of synoptic forcing (e.g.…”

Section: Description Of the Ozone Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Pay¹,

Gangoiti²,

Guevara³

et al. 2018

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It is well established that in Europe, high O 3 concentrations are most pronounced in southern/Mediterranean countries due to the more favourable climatological conditions for its formation. However, the contribution of the different sources of precursors to O 3 formation within each country relative to the imported (regional and hemispheric) O 3 is poorly quantified. This lack of quantitative knowledge prevents local authorities from effectively designing plans that reduce the exceedances of the O 3 target value set by the European air quality directive. O 3 source attribution is a challenge because the concentration at each location and time results not only from local biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, but also from the transport of O 3 and precursors from neighbouring regions, O 3 regional and hemispheric transport and stratospheric O 3 injections. The main goal of this study is to provide a first quantitative estimation of the contribution of the main anthropogenic activity sectors to peak O 3 events in Spain relative to the contribution of imported (regional and hemispheric) O 3 . We also assess the potential of our source apportionment method to improve O 3 modelling. Our study applies and thoroughly evaluates a countrywide O 3 source apportionment method implemented in the CALIOPE air quality forecast system for Spain at high resolution (4 × 4 km 2 ) over a 10-day period characterized by typical summer conditions in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The method tags both O 3 and its gas precursor emissions from source sectors within one simulation, and each tagged species is subject to the typical physico-chemical pro-cesses (advection, vertical mixing, deposition, emission and chemistry) as the actual conditions remain unperturbed. We quantify the individual contributions of the largest NO x local sources to high O 3 concentrations compared with the contribution of imported O 3 . We show, for the first time, that imported O 3 is the largest input to the ground-level O 3 concentration in the IP, accounting for 46 %-68 % of the daily mean O 3 concentration during exceedances of the European target value. The hourly imported O 3 increases during typical northwestern advections (70 %-90 %, 60-80 µg m −3 ), and decreases during typical stagnant conditions (30 %-40 %, 30-60 µg m −3 ) due to the local NO titration. During stagnant conditions, the local anthropogenic precursors control the O 3 peaks in areas downwind of the main urban and industrial regions (up to 40 % in hourly peaks). We also show that ground-level O 3 concentrations are strongly affected by vertical mixing of O 3 -rich layers present in the free troposphere, which result from local/regional layering and accumulation, and continental/hemispheric transport. Indeed, vertical mixing largely explains the presence of imported O 3 at ground level in the IP. Our results demonstrate the need for detailed quantification of the local and remote contributions to high O 3 concentrations for local O 3 management, and show O 3 source apportionment to be an ess...

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“…especially in the Mediterranean region where the atmospheric dynamics in summer is characterised by complex recirculation processes with effective vertical exchange (Millán et al, 1997(Millán et al, , 2000Gangoiti et al, 2001;Borge et al, 2010;Querol et al, 2017Querol et al, , 2018. The lack of an appropriate representation of the vertical variability of O 3 has been recognised as one of the shortcomings of the CTMs and in consequence a major challenge in the future development of the models (Hess and Zbinden, 2013;Monks et al, 2015).…”

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Analysis of summer O3 in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

Escudero¹,

Segers²,

Kranenburg³

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Tropospheric O3 remains a major air-quality issue in the Mediterranean region. The combination of large anthropogenic emissions of precursors, transboundary contributions, a warm and dry aestival climate and topographical features results in severe cases of photochemical pollution. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are essential tools for studying O3 dynamics and for assessing mitigation measures but they need to be evaluated specifically for each air basin. In this study, we present an optimisation of the LOTOS-EUROS CTM for the Madrid air basin. Five configurations using different meteorological datasets (from the European Centre for Medium Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)), horizontal resolution and number of vertical levels were compared for July 2016. LOTOS-EUROS responded satisfactorily in the five configurations reproducing observations of surface O3 with notable correlation and reduced bias and errors. However, the best-fit simulations for surface O3 were obtained by increasing spatial resolution and using a large number of vertical levels to reproduce vertical transport phenomena and the formation of reservoir layers. Using the optimal configuration obtained in the evaluation, three characteristic events have been described: recirculation (REC) episodes and northern and southern advection (NAD and SAD, respectively) events. REC events were found to produce the highest O3 due to the reduced ventilation associated with low wind speeds and the contribution of reservoir layers formed by vertical transport of O3 formed near the surface in the previous days of the event. NAD events, usually associated with higher wind speeds, present the lowest ground-level O3 concentrations in the region. During SAD episodes, external contributions along with low wind speeds allow O3 to increase considerably, but not as much as in REC events because steady southerly winds disperse local emissions and hinder the formation of reservoir layers.

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Phenomenology of high-ozone episodes in NE Spain

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Analysis of summer O<sub>3</sub> in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

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Phenomenology of high-ozone episodes in NE Spain

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Analysis of summer O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

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Analysis of summer O<sub>3</sub> in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model