Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers Associated with Silver Nanoparticles in Enhancement of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Caruso, Glaucia Rigotto; Tonani, Ludmilla; Marcato, Priscyla D.; Kress, Márcia Regina von Zeska

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050569

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“… 17 , 36 Therefore, the ζ changes observed for the systems containing ZnPs suggest that an interaction between the cationic porphyrins and AgNPs is taking place in all conditions tested. A similar behavior was observed by Rigotto-Caruso et al, 10 who reported a reduction of the ζ absolute value of AgNPs due to the presence of cationic phenothiazines. Likewise, Rodrigues et al 9 also observed a reduction in the ζ modulus when Ag nanoprisms were associated with the cationic dye methylene blue.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…1 log 10 inactivation of yeasts. Similarly, Rigotto-Caruso et al 10 found that biosynthesized spherical AgNPs did not show great effects in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans (ATCC 64548), with or without irradiation by a red LED (635 nm, PIT of 30 min, IR time of 16.41 min, and 15 J/cm 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the potential of AgNPs for PDI, especially in fungi. 10 , 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 In addition to the design of PSs with improved cellular interaction and photophysical properties, innovative approaches employing nanotechnology have also been explored to enhance PDI efficiency. [8][9][10][11] On this matter, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been showing antimicrobial effect and ability to increase microbial photoinactivation when associated with PSs. 10,[12][13][14] Light can induce a collective oscillation of electrons of the conduction band of metallic NPs, known as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans

Raposo¹,

Souza²,

Santana³

et al. 2023

IJN

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Background Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. Here, we propose the novel association of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs with the cationic ZnPs Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin or Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin to photoinactivate C. albicans . Methods AgNPs stabilized with PVP were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between the NP extinction and absorption spectra of ZnPs and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs interaction; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with individual ZnPs or their respective AgNPs-ZnPs systems, at various ZnP concentrations and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log 10 reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same PDI parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. Increased ROS levels and enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs were observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. Conclusion We applied a facile synthesis of AgNPs which boosted ZnP efficiency. We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interaction between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved fungal inactivation. This study provides insight into the application of AgNPs in PDI and helps diversify our antifungal arsenal, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the potential of AgNPs for PDI, especially in fungi. 10 , 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans

Raposo¹,

Souza²,

Santana³

et al. 2023

IJN

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“…Rigotto Caruso et al (2021) evaluated the antifungal activity of aPDT in vitro with different phenothiazinium PSs (methylene blue, new methylene blue N, and new methylene blue N Zinc) in combination with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. The toxicity of all the tested compounds during their study was verified in the G. mellonella model [ 225 ]. The tests performed in a study by Malacarne et al (2023) evaluated the toxicity of porphyrin PS on G. mellonella larvae and its cytotoxicity on hemocytes.…”

Section: Principles Of Apdt and The Use Of G Mellonella ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galleria mellonella—A Model for the Study of aPDT—Prospects and Drawbacks

Bugyna,

Kendra,

Bujdáková

2023

Microorganisms

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Galleria mellonella is a promising in vivo model insect used for microbiological, medical, and pharmacological research. It provides a platform for testing the biocompatibility of various compounds and the kinetics of survival after an infection followed by subsequent treatment, and for the evaluation of various parameters during treatment, including the host–pathogen interaction. There are some similarities in the development of pathologies with mammals. However, a limitation is the lack of adaptive immune response. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative approach for combating microbial infections, including biofilm-associated ones. aPDT is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, regardless of whether they are resistant to conventional treatment. The main idea of this comprehensive review was to collect information on the use of G. mellonella in aPDT. It provides a collection of references published in the last 10 years from this area of research, complemented by some practical experiences of the authors of this review. Additionally, the review summarizes in brief information on the G. mellonella model, its advantages and methods used in the processing of material from these larvae, as well as basic knowledge of the principles of aPDT.

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