Phenotype Prevalence of Blood Group Systems (ABO, Rh, Kell) in Voluntary, Healthy Donors-Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi, North India

Abstract

Objective: To study phenotypic prevalence of ABO, Rh and Kell blood group system Material and Method: Voluntary blood donors were tested for red cell antigen of ABO, Rh (D, C, c, E, e) and Kell (K) blood group systems. Each sample was tested using LISS/Coombs ABO-Rh gel card and DiaClon Rh subgroups +K gel card. Calculations of antigen and phenotypes frequencies were expressed as percentages and allele frequencies were expressed under the standard assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results: Study included a total of 2769 voluntary blood donors in which blood group distribution was (A-22.3%, B-39.2%, AB-8.9%, O-29.6%). Rh antigen was found positive in 93.8% and negative in 6.2% donors. Amongst Rh positive antigens, e was the most common (98.7%) followed by C (91.8%), c (55.2%) and E(21.1%). DCe/DCe (44.7%) was the most common phenotype. Distributions of Rh minor antigens were also assessed in different blood group and were found similar. For the Kell System, only 1.6% was K positive which is less than previous study from India. Conclusion: The prevalence of red cell antigen and phenotype frequencies differs in different populations. The knowledge of the prevalence of blood group antigens will be helpful in rational use of blood and blood products. It will also prevent alloantibodies formation in multiple transfused patients against minor antigens. Gel-card test is a rapid, simple and practical method for population studies.

Relationship between ABO blood group phenotypes and nCOVID-19 susceptibility: A retrospective observational study

“…6 The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the ABO, Rh and Kell blood group systems and susceptibility for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. (Garg et al, 2015 The observed frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell blood group phenotypes with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated ( Figure 2). The comparison of the observed and expected frequencies of blood group phenotypes are shown in Figure 3.…”

“…The general (expected) propor-tions of the above blood groups were obtained from a study of the North Indian population. 10 The expected proportions of ABO blood groups 'A', 'AB', 'B' and 'O' were 22.3 %, 8.9 %, 39.2 % and 29.6 %, respectively (Figure 1). Rh (D) phenotype were found positive in 93.8 % and negative in 6.2 %.…”

“…Comparison of observed and expected proportion of blood group phenotypes from a random sample of 132 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients and study on North IndianPopulation(Garg et al, 2015),10 respectively.…”

Relationship Between ABO Blood group Phenotypes and nCOVID-19 Susceptibility – A Retrospective Observational Study

“…The general (expected) proportions of the above blood groups were obtained from a study of the North Indian population. 10 The expected proportions of ABO blood groups 'A', 'AB', 'B' and 'O' were 22.3 %, 8.9 %, 39.2 % and 29.6 %, respectively ( Figure 1). Rh (D) phenotype were found positive in 93.8 % and negative in 6.2 %.…”

Relationship between blood group phenotypes (ABO, Rh and Kell) and nCOVID-19 susceptibility – A retrospective observational study.

“…The observed frequency of the blood groups-'A', 'AB', 'B' and 'O', 'Rh positive', 'Rh negative', 'Kell positive', and 'Kell negative' was calculated. The general proportions (expected proportions) of the above blood groups were obtained from a study of the North Indian population [7]. The expected proportions of ABO blood groups 'A', 'AB', 'B' and 'O' were 22.3%, 8.9%, 39.2% and 29.6%, respectively (Figure 1).…”