Panax
polysaccharides are biopolymers that are isolated and purified from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of
Panax
L. plants, which have attracted considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the composition and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides are reviewed. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides are described both
in vivo
and
in vitro
.
In vitro
,
Panax
polysaccharides exert immunomodulatory functions mainly by activating macrophages, dendritic cells, and the complement system.
In vivo
,
Panax
polysaccharides can increase the immune organ indices and stimulate lymphocytes. In addition, this paper also discusses the membrane receptors and various signalling pathways of immune cells.
Panax
polysaccharides have many beneficial therapeutic effects, including enhancing or activating the immune response, and may be helpful in treating cancer, sepsis, osteoporosis, and other conditions.
Panax
polysaccharides have the potential for use in the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with beneficial immunomodulatory properties.