Phenotypic and functional changes in glial cells as a function of age

Yu, Wen H.; Go, Lynle; Guinn, Barbara; Fraser, Paul E.; Westaway, David; McLaurin, JoAnne

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00258-5

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Increases in activation of astrocytes (increased GFAP expression) and microglia occur in the aged brains in numerous species. Microglia may be the main cell type expressing increased IL-6 levels (Ye and Johnson, 1999) and IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels also increase in microglia with aging (Yu et al, 2002). Immune response genes are expressed at high levels in hippocampus, and IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α effect the induction of hippocampal longterm potentiation (Edagawa et al, 2005;Balschun et al, 2004;Butler et al, 2004).…”

Section: Immune Response In the Aging Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory processes in the CNS are increased with normal aging (Joseph et al, 2005), and elevated astroglial activation Journal of Neuroimmunology 182 (2007) 22 -31 www.elsevier.com/locate/jneuroim in aging in mouse brain is evidenced by increased transcription of GFAP (Goss et al, 1991). In addition rat microglia also increase basal gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines with aging (Yu et al, 2002). We have previously reported the influence of low doses of melatonin in mouse brain on the effect of LPS upon genes relating to immune function (Sharman et al, 2002;Bondy et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain

Perreau

Bondy

Cotman

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Melatonin modulates the expression of a number of genes related to inflammation and immunity. Declining levels of melatonin with age may thus relate to some of the changes in immune function that occur with age. mRNA expression levels in murine CNS were measured using oligonucleotide microarrays in order to determine whether a dietary melatonin supplement may modify age-related changes in the response to an inflammatory challenge. CB6F1 male mice were fed 40-ppm melatonin for 9 weeks prior to sacrifice at 26.5 months of age, and compared with age-matched untreated controls and 4.5-month-old controls. A subset of both young and old animals was injected i.p. with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 3 h, total RNA was extracted from whole brain (excluding brain stem and cerebellum), and individual samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430-2.0 arrays. Data were analyzed in Dchip and GeneSpring. Melatonin treatment markedly altered the response in gene expression of older animals subjected to an LPS challenge. These changes in general, caused the response to more closely resemble that of young animals subjected to the same LPS challenge. Thus melatonin treatment effects a major shift in the response of the CNS to an inflammatory challenge, causing a transition to a more youthful mRNA expression profile.

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Section: Immune Response In the Aging Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain

Perreau

Bondy

Cotman

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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“…22,23 Recently, the productivity of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-␣, interleukin (IL)-1␤ and IL-10, has been shown to increase with age, 24 and the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-␣, IL-1␤ and IL-6 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were markedly increased in 10-month-old SAMP mice. 25 The aggravated hemorrhagic injury we observed after ICH in aged SAMP8 mice may be in part attributable to the increased expression of cytotoxic mediators produced by activated macrophages/ monocytes.…”

Section: Lee Et Al Enhanced Hemorrhagic Brain Injury By Aging 219mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury Is Aggravated in Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice

Lee

Cho

Choi

et al. 2006

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-In cerebral stroke, the overall mortality rate of older individuals is higher than that of younger individuals. We therefore investigated aging-related changes in brain tissue damage and immune response in response to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in mice. Methods-ICH was induced by microinjecting autologous whole blood (5 L) into the striatum of 4-or 14-month-old senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP8) mice or senescence-accelerated resistant (SAMR1) mice. Results-In all groups, neurological deficits occurred within 6 hours and gradually improved after the first day, but improvement was most delayed in 14-month-old SAMP8 mice. Isolectin B4-positive and amoeboid microglia/macrophages were abundantly distributed around and inside the hemorrhagic lesions in 14-month-old SAMP8 mice. In contrast, myeloperoxidase-immunoreactive neutrophils and reactive astrocytes with intensified glial fibrillary acidic protein-stained processes and swollen cytoplasm did not differ in number or distribution between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Regardless of their age, the immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD, a major antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria, was much weaker in SAMP8 than in SAMR1 mice. The expression of inducible nitric oxide, however, was higher in old SAMP8 mice than in the other experimental groups. Conclusions-These

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“…In addition rat microglia also increase basal gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines with aging 171 . We have previously reported the influence of low doses of melatonin in mouse brain on the effect of LPS upon genes relating to immune function 172,173 .…”

Section: Melatonin and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Untitled

2013

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: Melatonin is a neuro-hormone secreted from the pineal gland and involved in various regulatory activities in body. Ever-increasing use of melatonin supplements and enlarging research evidences make the authors undertook the review to arrive at a qualitative conclusion whether melatonin supplements can act as potential treatment options or not. Methodology: A comprehensive search was undertaken in different electronic databases using various search terms. A total of 225 studies were identified including clinical research studies and basic experiments. Data were extracted individually from the studies and compiled in the end. Results: Melatonin has been used successfully in chronic insomnia and as an anti-oxidant in cancer and other age-related neuro-degenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease and Autistic disorders. Its evidences of use in other conditions remained insufficient and inconclusive. Conclusion: Melatonin therapy may be considered as efficacious and safe in insomnia and as an anti-oxidant; however, other roles needs to be evaluated in further studies.

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Phenotypic and functional changes in glial cells as a function of age

Cited by 68 publications

References 59 publications

Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain

Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain

Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury Is Aggravated in Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice

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