Phenotypic and functional characterisation of follicle-associated epithelium of rectal lymphoid tissue

Mahajan, Aditya; Naylor, Stuart W.; Mills, Anthony D.; Low, J. C.; Mackellar, A.; Hoey, D. E. Elaine; Currie, Colin; Gally, David L.; Huntley, J.F.; Smith, David George Emslie

doi:10.1007/s00441-005-1080-1

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, macrophages, with numerous intracellular beads, were seen in epithelial and submucosal regions. Similarly, a previous study of lymphoepithelium at the bovine rectoanal junction found microparticles in submucosal regions after 60 min incubation, evidence of microparticle transcytosis (Mahajan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Microparticles were limited to apical regions of calf rectoanal lymphoepithelium at 45 min; however, after 60 min incubation, microparticles were found in submucosal regions (Mahajan et al, 2005). Ex vivo experiments to examine microparticle transcytosis in rabbit conjunctival lymphoepithelium revealed that with incubation times as short as 20 min at 37 C, a greater number of microparticles were present within the submucosa compared to epithelial regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tonsilar specimens were processed as described previously with some modifications (Mahajan et al, 2005). In brief, portions of pharyngeal tonsils were collected at necropsy and placed in 50 mL conical tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing 25 mL of complete RPMI 1640 (cRPMI) medium (Invitrogen/Gibco BRL, Auckland, NZ) containing 3% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, L-glutamine, and antibiotics (200 U/mL penicillin, 200 U/mL streptomycin).…”

Section: Ex Vivo Tonsil Organ Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B-cells, CD4þ, and CD11cþ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, c/d TCRþ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M-cells. Moreover, putative M-cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M-cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 294:1939Rec, 294: -1950Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Ex Vivo Tonsil Organ Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…The terminal rectum is an area rich in lymphoid follicles (21), and it has been suggested that adherence to these sites may explain the tropism of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria for the bovine terminal rectum (25). In this study, extensive histological examination of terminal rectal tissues did not reveal a prominent association between E. coli O157:H7 microcolonies and follicle-associated epithelium.…”

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confidence: 44%

Responses of Cattle to Gastrointestinal Colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7

et al. 2008

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Recent research has established that the terminal rectum is the predominant colonization site of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. The main aim of the present work was to investigate pathological changes and associated immune responses at this site in animals colonized with E. coli O157:H7. Tissue and gastrointestinal samples from a total of 22 weaned Holstein-cross calves challenged with E. coli O157:H7 were analyzed for bacterial colonization and pathology. Five unexposed age-matched calves were used as comparative negative controls. E. coli O157:H7 bacteria induced histopathological alterations of the rectal mucosa with enterocyte remodeling. This was often associated with removal of the colonized epithelial layer. Immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed E. coli O157 bacteria on pedestals, as part of attaching and effacing lesions. These pathological changes induced a local infiltration of neutrophils that was quantified as larger in infected animals. Rectal mucosal immunoglobulin A responses were detected against the E. coli O157:H7 antigen. This work presents evidence that E. coli O157:H7 is not a commensal bacteria in the bovine host and that the mucosal damage produced by E. coli O157:H7 colonization of the terminal rectum induces a quantifiable innate immune response and production of specific mucosal antibodies.Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection has emerged in the last 20 years as a cause of diarrhea that can lead to the more serious consequence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and thrombotic microangiopathy. The majority of EHEC infections are caused by E. coli O157:H7 (24), and this serotype has been isolated frequently from cattle feces. Many human EHEC O157 infections originate, either directly or indirectly, from exposure to cattle feces (17), and a key step in protecting humans from EHEC infection is to understand and control E. coli O157:H7 colonization of cattle.Experimental challenges have suggested a variety of colonization sites in cattle (4,5,12). However, more recently, the terminal rectal mucosa has been identified as the major site of E. coli O157:H7 colonization (25), and this finding has been confirmed in slaughter animals (20). From an understanding of where E. coli O157:H7 colonizes the bovine intestinal tract, there is an opportunity to examine pathological changes at the site and to determine whether these changes correlate with the development of immunological responses. The main aim of the research is to underpin methods to control this pathogen in its main animal reservoir.A feature of E. coli O157:H7 infection is the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, characterized by the elimination of the microvilli and intimate enterocyte attachment (7, 16). In vivo, A/E lesions are present at the terminal rectum of naturally and experimentally infected cattle, and inactivation of the type III secretion apparatus that is essential for this phenotype prevents E. coli O157:H7 colonization of cattle (27). The profound...

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“…In cattle, the terminal rectum is rich in lymphoid FAE containing M cells (49). Since this is the predominant site colonized by EHEC O157 in cattle (60), we hypothesized that EspF may have an important role in cattle colonization by inhibiting translocation of the organism by M cells and that the sequence differences of EspF in EHEC O157:H7 may reflect selection for its function in the bovine host.…”

Section: Is Important For the Inhibition Of Phagocytosis By Epec And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of EspF Variants in Inhibition of Escherichia coli Phagocytosis by Macrophages and Inhibition of E. coli Translocation through Human- and Bovine-Derived M Cells

et al. 2011

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The EspF protein is secreted by the type III secretion system of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively). EspF sequences differ between EHEC O157:H7, EHEC O26:H11, and EPEC O127:H6 in terms of the number of SH3-binding polyproline-rich repeats and specific residues in these regions, as well as residues in the amino domain involved in cellular localization. EspF O127 is important for the inhibition of phagocytosis by EPEC and also limits EPEC translocation through antigensampling cells (M cells). EspF O127 has been shown to have effects on cellular organelle function and interacts with several host proteins, including N-WASP and sorting nexin 9 (SNX9). In this study, we compared the capacities of different espF alleles to inhibit (i) bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages, (ii) translocation through an M-cell coculture system, and (iii) uptake by and translocation through cultured bovine epithelial cells. The espF gene from E. coli serotype O157 (espF O157 ) allele was significantly less effective at inhibiting phagocytosis and also had reduced capacity to inhibit E. coli translocation through a human-derived in vitro M-cell coculture system in comparison to espF O127 and espF O26 . In contrast, espF O157 was the most effective allele at restricting bacterial uptake into and translocation through primary epithelial cells cultured from the bovine terminal rectum, the predominant colonization site of EHEC O157 in cattle and a site containing M-like cells. Although LUMIER binding assays demonstrated differences in the interactions of the EspF variants with SNX9 and N-WASP, we propose that other, as-yet-uncharacterized interactions contribute to the host-based variation in EspF activity demonstrated here.

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Phenotypic and functional characterisation of follicle-associated epithelium of rectal lymphoid tissue

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Responses of Cattle to Gastrointestinal Colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7

Comparative Analysis of EspF Variants in Inhibition of Escherichia coli Phagocytosis by Macrophages and Inhibition of E. coli Translocation through Human- and Bovine-Derived M Cells

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