Phenotypic and functional features of myofibroblasts in sheep fetal wounds

Estes, James M.; Berg, Jerry S. Vande; Adzick, N. Scott; MacGillivray, Thomas E.; Desmoulière, Alexis; Gabbiani, Giulio

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.5630173.x

Cited by 131 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Myofibroblasts were not found in wounds created in the mid-gestation period, but they were found in wounds created after the latter portion of the gestation period. 90 Transforming growth factor-b…”

Section: (Myo)fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Xue

Jackson

2015

Advances in Wound Care

1,090

866

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Significance: When a cutaneous injury occurs, the wound heals via a dynamic series of physiological events, including coagulation, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The final stage can take many months, yet the new ECM forms a scar that never achieves the flexibility or strength of the original tissue. In certain circumstances, the normal scar is replaced by pathological fibrotic tissue, which results in hypertrophic or keloid scars. These scars cause significant morbidity through physical dysfunction and psychological stress. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: The cutaneous ECM comprises a complex assortment of proteins that was traditionally thought to simply provide structural integrity and scaffolding characteristics. However, recent findings show that the ECM has multiple functions, including, storage and delivery of growth factors and cytokines, tissue repair and various physiological functions. Abnormal ECM reconstruction during wound healing contributes to the formation of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Whereas adult wounds heal with scarring, the developing foetus has the ability to heal wounds in a scarless fashion by regenerating skin and restoring the normal ECM architecture, strength, and function. Recent studies show that the lack of inflammation in fetal wounds contributes to this perfect healing. Future Directions: Better understanding of the exact roles of ECM components in scarring will allow us to produce therapeutic agents to prevent hypertrophic and keloid scars. This review will focus on the components of the ECM and their role in both physiological and pathological (hypertrophic and keloid) cutaneous scar formation. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCEThis article reviews the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its remodeling during normal cutaneous wound healing and scar formation, and the differential response of the components of the ECM and their role in pathological (hypertrophic and keloid) cutaneous scar formation. This review focuses on the major players involved in the irregular ECM production as being; fibroblasts and their immature counterparts, myofibroblasts; collagens; transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, which controls the production of collagens; proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We also highlight the complexity of interactions occurring in the ECM of skin during (ab) normal scar formation. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEAbnormal ECM, particularly abnormal collagen remodeling and reorganization, accounts for one of the most important contributing factors to abnormal scarring. Identification of the exact ECM molecules involved in causing abnormal scarring is likely to provide a future treatment target. This may be achieved by promoting the correct balance in collagen ratios or by directly targeting the production of collagen. Overall, a better understanding of the exact roles of ECM components in scarring will help us to produce therapeutic agents to prevent and treat hypertrophic and keloid scars. CLINICAL RELEVANCEThere ...

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Section: (Myo)fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Xue

Jackson

2015

Advances in Wound Care

1,090

866

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fetal skin fibroblasts are able to contract collagen lattices but show reduced staining for ␣-SM actin. In vivo, early fetal wounds also show markedly fewer ␣-SM actin-staining fibroblasts than in late fetal wounds or in adult wounds where ␣-SM actin-positive myofibroblasts are abundant (Estes et al, 1994). Larger size of fetal wounds and a longer duration of ␣-SM actin-positive myofibroblasts have been reported to correlate with adult-like scarring rather than scarless fetal healing (Cass et al, 1997).…”

Section: Myofibroblasts During Normal Healing In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and Pathologic Soft Tissue Remodeling: Role of the Myofibroblast, with Special Emphasis on Liver and Kidney Fibrosis

Desmoulière

Darby

Gabbiani³

2003

Laboratory Investigation

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322

285

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“…Myofibroblasts were, in fact, identified in excisional skin wounds in the foetal lamb that closed by contraction (Longaker et al 1991a,b) or by scar formation (Cass et al 1997) but not in wounds that healed with no scar formation (Cass et al 1997). Absent in wounds made at an early gestation stage, MFB were observed in increasing amounts at later gestation times in the foetal lamb model (Estes et al 1994).…”

Section: Two Current Views Of the Ontogenetic Transition From Scarlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and differences between induced organ regeneration in adults and early foetal regeneration

Yannas

2005

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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At least three organs (skin, peripheral nerves and the conjunctiva) have been induced to regenerate partially in adults following application of porous, degradable scaffolds with highly specific structure (templates). Templates blocked contraction and scar formation by inducing a reduction in the density of contractile fibroblasts (probably myofibroblasts) and by preventing these cells to organize themselves appropriately in the wound. In contrast, during early foetal healing, myofibroblasts were absent and wounds did not close by contraction but rather by spontaneous regeneration. The adult regenerative process has so far led to imperfect recovery of the physiological anatomy of skin (skin appendages were missing), while early foetal healing has led to apparently complete restoration. Furthermore, the mechanism of the adult regenerative process involves thwarting of myofibroblast function while, during early foetal healing, differentiation of myofibroblasts has not yet occurred. The data suggest that induced organ regeneration in the adult is the result of partial reversion to early foetal healing. If so, the adult may conceal a foetal response that may be subject to activation following application of highly active scaffolds or of other substances or cells.

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Phenotypic and functional features of myofibroblasts in sheep fetal wounds

Cited by 131 publications

References 38 publications

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Normal and Pathologic Soft Tissue Remodeling: Role of the Myofibroblast, with Special Emphasis on Liver and Kidney Fibrosis

Similarities and differences between induced organ regeneration in adults and early foetal regeneration

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