Phenotypic and Genetic Variance of House Sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) Early in Development

Kinnard, Tria B.; Westneat, David F.

doi:10.1525/auk.2009.08119

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The full model included block, and clutch and incubation nest both nested within block as random factors. We did not include the interaction, as SAS considers nested designs to be equivalent to interaction effects (Kinnard and Westneat 2009). We sequentially removed clutch and incubation nest from the model, and report the estimates of variance components from the model with the lowest AIC score.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and fitness consequences of maternal nest‐site choice across multiple early life stages

Mitchell

Warner

Janzen

2013

Ecology

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Identifying the relative contributions of genetic, maternal, and environmental factors to phenotypic variation is critical for evaluating the evolutionary potential of fitness-related traits. We employed a novel two-step cross-fostering experiment to quantify the relative contributions of clutch (i.e., maternal identity) and maternally chosen nest sites to phenotypic variation during three early life stages (incubation, hibernation, dispersal) of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). By translocating eggs between nests in the field, we demonstrated that both clutch and nest site contribute to phenotypic variation at hatching. Because hatchling C. pictahibernate inside nests, we performed a second cross-foster to decouple the effects of the incubation nest with that of the hibernation nest. Incubation nest explained little variation in phenotypes at spring emergence, but winter nest site was important. We found no evidence that mothers select nest sites specific to reaction norms of their own offspring, suggesting that females may select nest sites with microhabitats that broadly meet similar requirements across the population. After hibernation, we released hatchlings to assess performance and phenotypic selection during dispersal. Hibernation nest site influenced physiological performance during dispersal, and we detected nonlinear selection on hatchling carapace length. Our experiment demonstrates that nest-site choice has substantial effects on phenotypic variation and fitness across multiple early life stages. Abstract. Identifying the relative contributions of genetic, maternal, and environmental factors to phenotypic variation is critical for evaluating the evolutionary potential of fitnessrelated traits. We employed a novel two-step cross-fostering experiment to quantify the relative contributions of clutch (i.e., maternal identity) and maternally chosen nest sites to phenotypic variation during three early life stages (incubation, hibernation, dispersal) of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). By translocating eggs between nests in the field, we demonstrated that both clutch and nest site contribute to phenotypic variation at hatching. Because hatchling C. picta hibernate inside nests, we performed a second cross-foster to decouple the effects of the incubation nest with that of the hibernation nest. Incubation nest explained little variation in phenotypes at spring emergence, but winter nest site was important. We found no evidence that mothers select nest sites specific to reaction norms of their own offspring, suggesting that females may select nest sites with microhabitats that broadly meet similar requirements across the population. After hibernation, we released hatchlings to assess performance and phenotypic selection during dispersal. Hibernation nest site influenced physiological performance during dispersal, and we detected nonlinear selection on hatchling carapace length. Our experiment demonstrates that nest-site choice has substantial effects on phenotypic variation and fitness acro...

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confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and fitness consequences of maternal nest‐site choice across multiple early life stages

Mitchell

Warner

Janzen

2013

Ecology

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“…Although reproductive success in many bird species, including House Sparrows, often declines as the season advances (Rowe et al 1994, Brown and Brown 1999, Kinnard and Westneat 2009, date had no effect in our study, probably because virus infection so heavily affected nestling survival and masked any independent date-related influence. It is also unlikely that the presence of the blood-feeding Swallow Bugs, per se, led to the mortality we documented; nearby nests with uninfected nestling House Sparrows (that survived) typically contained similar numbers of bugs visible on the outside (V. O'Brien and C. Brown unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Arbovirus infection is a major determinant of fitness in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that invade Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) colonies

O’Brien

Brown

2012

The Auk

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“…Consistent with this conclusion is the finding of even lower viremias in adult sparrows . Studies of nestling House Sparrows in a Kentucky population suggested reduced immunocompetence later in the summer, as measured by response of T-lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin challenge (Kinnard and Westneat, 2009). Our finding no statistical effect of date on titer does not support such a change in immune function over the summer, at least as measured in the birds' response to this alphavirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequence is that we know relatively little about patterns of natural viremia in birds in the wild and how infection varies with time, bird age, or other factors that potentially affect arbovirus transmission dynamics. Some studies suggest that the typical duration of viremia may be different for birds in the wild versus in the laboratory (Scott et al, 1984) and that immune function varies with time of the summer (Kinnard and Westneat, 2009), thus affecting birds' susceptibility to arbovirus infection. If, for example, viremias in birds in the field are shorter in duration, perhaps because a virus is apt to more rapidly kill wild birds, experimental infection studies on captive birds may overestimate the potential for virus amplification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation and Age-Related Correlates of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae) Infection in Nestling House Sparrows

O’Brien

Brown

2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Wild birds are rarely found with active arbovirus infections, and relatively little is known about the patterns of viremia they exhibit under field conditions or how infection varies with date, bird age, or other factors that potentially affect transmission dynamics. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is an arbovirus associated with colonially nesting Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and transmitted by its vector, the hematophagous swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the Cliff Swallow. Introduced House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that have occupied swallow nests at colony sites in peridomestic settings are also exposed to BCRV when fed upon by swallow bugs. We used data from 882 nestling House Sparrows in western Nebraska from 2006 to 2008 to examine seasonal variation and age-related correlates of virus infection in the field. Over 17% of nestling House Sparrows had active infections. Prevalence was higher in 2007 than in 2008 when birds from all colony sites were analyzed, but there was no significant difference between years for sites sampled in both seasons. Buggy Creek virus prevalence was similar in early and late summer, with a peak in midsummer, coinciding with the greatest swallow bug abundance. Nestlings 10 days of age and younger were most commonly infected, and the likelihood of BCRV infection declined for older nestlings. Average viremia titers also declined with age (but did not vary with date) and were high enough at all nestling ages to likely infect blood-feeding arthropods (swallow bugs). Length of viremia for nestlings in the field was $4 days, in agreement with an earlier study of BCRV. Nestling birds offer many advantages for field studies of arbovirus amplification and transmission.

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Phenotypic and Genetic Variance of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) Early in Development

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

Phenotypic and fitness consequences of maternal nest‐site choice across multiple early life stages

Phenotypic and fitness consequences of maternal nest‐site choice across multiple early life stages

Arbovirus infection is a major determinant of fitness in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that invade Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) colonies

Seasonal Variation and Age-Related Correlates of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae) Infection in Nestling House Sparrows

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