Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients in Pakistan

Zahra, Nureen; Zeshan, Basit; Qadri, Mian Mubeen Ali; Ishaq, Musarat; Afzal, Muhammad; Ahmed, Naveed

doi:10.5812/jjm.113008

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another proposed way of self-medication considered safe by the World Health Organization is the provision of a leaflet with each medicine describing complete information about correct dosage, side effects, and duration. One cannot neglect herbal medicines, which are easily available over the counter and contribute largely towards self-medication but must also be maintained by apposite predetermined pros and cons of the medicine [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Medication as an Important Risk Factor for Antibiotic Resistance: A Multi-Institutional Survey among Students

et al. 2022

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Self-medication is an important issue, especially in developing countries. Self-medication is the concept in which individuals use medicine to ease and manage their minor illnesses. The current survey was designed to conduct interviews at different universities based on the availability of the students from August 2021 to October 2021 in Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Overall, 1250 questionnaires were distributed to students from various departments. Students of microbiology (n = 305, 24.4%) and agriculture 236 (n = 18.8%) were the most elevated members in this study, while other participants were from medical lab technology (n = 118, 9.4%), chemistry (n = 103, 8.2%), food science (n = 92, 7.3%), business administration (n = 83, 6.6%), sociology (n = 78, 6.2%), math/physics (n = 6, 14.8%), Pak study (n = 58, 4.6%), English (n = 47, 3.7%), and psychology (n = 19, 1.5%). Students working towards their Bachelor numbered (n = 913, 73.0%), Master (minor) numbered (n = 80, 6.4%), Master (major) numbered (n = 221, 17.6%), and Doctorate numbered (n = 36, 2.8%). The age group of participants was majorly 20–25 years (61.0%), while others belonged to the age groups 25–30 years (20.6%), 30–35 years (9.8%), and 35–40 years (8.4%). The mean and standard deviation of daily practices of self-medication were observed (M = 416.667, SD = 1,026,108.667) and p = 0.002. The mean and standard deviation of daily practices of antibiotic knowledge was (M = 431.5, SD = 1,615,917) and p = 0.002. Antimicrobial agents were leading over others with 631 (50.4%), followed by anti-inflammatory with 331 (26.4%), multivitamins with 142 (11.3%), gynecological purpose with 59 (4.7%), and analgesic with 72 (5.7%), while the lowest frequency rate was observed against herbal remedies with 15 (1.2%). The results of the current study concluded that students practiced self-medication for reasons such as convenience to obtain these medications from cheap sources and to avoid the fee of a physician. They searched for the medicine on social media platforms and purchased it blindly from the pharmacy without any prescription from a physician.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Medication as an Important Risk Factor for Antibiotic Resistance: A Multi-Institutional Survey among Students

et al. 2022

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“…The bacterial co-infections that arise during SARS-CoV-2 infection must be identified and characterised in a timely fashion [ 11 , 12 ]. Several studies have looked into the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients, finding highly heterogeneous distributions (with differences of >50%) that can be attributed to clinical and epidemiological characteristics of each geographical location, as well as diagnostic methods and criteria, used [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. As a result, a study of hospitalised patients might increase our understanding of how viruses and bacteria interact during severe disease and give detailed information on COVID-19 in our environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common pathogens were E. coli (32%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%). Most E. coli were resistant to ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%). Klebsiella pneumoniae were more resistant to ampicillin (13.3%) and amoxycillin (12.0%). The most common comorbidity was chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Around 17 different types of antibiotic, the carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, and quinolones, were highly prevalent in ICU patients. The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients in SICUs and the AMR rates, especially with different comorbidities.

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“…The phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii isolated from intensive care unit patients was reported [19,20]. Herein, in silico studies on eight resistant genes were subjected to molecular docking against the carbapenem protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbapenem resistance gene crisis in A. baumannii: A computational analysis

Zahra

Zeshan

Ishaq

2022

Preprint

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Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the members of ESKAPE bacteria which is considered multidrug resistant globally. The objective of this study is to determine the protein docking of different ARGs in A. baumannii. In silico analysis of antibiotic resistance genes against carbapenem are the blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-143, NMD-1 and IMP-1 in A. baumannii. The doripenem, imipenem and meropenem were docked to blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 using PyRx. The top docking energy was − 5.5 Kcal/mol by imipenem and doripenem and meropenem showed a binding score of -5. 2Kcal/mol each and blaOXA-23 energy was − 4.3 Kcal/mol by imipenem and meropenem showed a binding score of -2.3 Kcal/mol, while doripenem showed the binding score of -3.4 Kcal/mol. Similarly, doripenem imipenem and meropenem were docked to blaOXA-58, IMP-1, Rec A and blaOXA-143, with docking energy was − 8.8Kcal/mol by doripenem and meropenem each while imipenem showed a binding score of -4.2Kcal/mol and with IMP-1 demonstrated their binding energies. was − 5.7 Kcal/mol by meropenem and doripenem showed a binding score of -5.3Kcal/mol, while imipenem showed a binding score of -4.5 Kcal/mol. And docking energy was − 4.9Kcal/mol by imipenem and meropenem showed binding energy of -3.6Kcal/mol each while doripenem showed a binding score of -3.9Kcal/mol in RecA and with blaOXA-143 docking energy was − 3.0 Kcal/mol by imipenem and meropenem showed a binding score of -1.9Kcal/mol, while doripenem showed the binding score of -2.5 Kcal/mol respectively. Doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem docking findings with blaOXA-24 confirmed their binding energies. Doripenem had the highest docking energy of -5.5 Kcal/mol, meropenem had a binding score of -4.0 Kcal/mol, and imipenem had a binding score of -3.9 Kcal/mol. PyRx was used to dock the doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem to NMD-1. Docking energies for doripenem were all – 4.0Kcal/mol, whereas meropenem had docking energy of -3.3 Kcal/mol and imipenem was − 1.50Kcal/mol.

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients in Pakistan

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Self-Medication as an Important Risk Factor for Antibiotic Resistance: A Multi-Institutional Survey among Students

Self-Medication as an Important Risk Factor for Antibiotic Resistance: A Multi-Institutional Survey among Students

The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance

Carbapenem resistance gene crisis in A. baumannii: A computational analysis

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