Phenotypic plasticity of <i>Ammannia</i> spp. in competition with rice

Caton, Barney P.; Foin, Theodore C.; Hill, James E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1997.tb01820.x

Cited by 45 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…In addition, Ammannia spp. populations were found resistant to bensulfuron in California (Caton et al 1997). These studies suggest that blistering ammannia may also become a problematic weed and reduce rice yield.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Phenotypic Plasticity of Blistering Ammannia (Ammannia baccifera) in Competition with Direct-Seeded Rice

Chauhan

2013

Weed technol.

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Crop interference and weed-competitive cultivars are a component of integrated weed management, but their use requires understanding the extent to which rice can interfere with weed growth and how weeds may respond to rice interference. Growth of blistering ammannia was studied in a screen house by growing it alone or with rice seeded in rows (20 cm) or broadcast at the rate of 25 and 75 kg ha−1. The growth of blistering ammannia was similar whether grown with rice seeding rates of 25 or 75 kg ha−1or with broadcast or row-seeded rice, suggesting that the weed is a weak competitor if rice is planted uniformly. Rice interference greatly reduced the number of blistering ammannia leaves and leaf, stem, total shoot, and root biomass. However, the weed showed the ability to reduce the effects of rice interference by increasing leaf and stem biomass in the upper half of the plant, and increasing specific stem length. At 11 wk after planting, blistering ammannia had 71 to 80% leaf biomass in the upper half of the plant when grown with rice interference compared with only 29% when grown without rice interference. Despite such plasticity, blistering ammannia shoot and root biomass at final harvest decreased by 94 to 99% when grown with rice compared with its biomass without crop interference. These results suggest that blistering ammannia is a poor competitor and uniform rice density could be very effective in suppressing blistering ammannia in direct-seeded rice systems.

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confidence: 85%

“…), for example, are problematic weed species in many California rice fields (Barrett and Seaman 1980;). These species reduce rice yields by shading the crop, interfering with harvest operations, and increasing rice lodging (Caton et al 1997). In addition, Ammannia spp.…”

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Phenotypic Plasticity of Blistering Ammannia (Ammannia baccifera) in Competition with Direct-Seeded Rice

Chauhan

2013

Weed technol.

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“…This strategy may help R. cochinchinensis to survive and avoid shading (imposed by crop interference) and produce enough photosynthates to boost its height to keep its leaves on the top of the rice canopy (Caton et al 1997). The ability of weeds to compete with rice not only for resources but also to alter their morphology by increasing LWR and SSL, and by decreasing RSWR through biomass partitioning, makes the weeds more competitive with the crop ) even when it germinates later than rice in the field (Marenco and Reis 1998;Vourlitis and Kroon 2013).…”

Section: Rottboellia Cochinchinensis Biomass (G Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological significance of rice (Oryza sativa) planting density and nitrogen rates in managing the growth and competitive ability of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) in direct-seeded rice systems

2014

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Ecological significance of rice (Oryza sativa) planting density and nitrogen rates in managing the growth and competitive ability of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) in direct-seeded rice systems Abstract Current understanding is that high planting density has the potential to suppress weeds and crop-weed interactions can be exploited by adjusting fertilizer rates. We hypothesized that (a) high planting density can be used to suppress Rottboellia cochinchinensis growth and (b) rice competitiveness against this weed can be enhanced by increasing nitrogen (N) rates. We tested these hypotheses by growing R. cochinchinensis alone and in competition with four rice planting densities (0, 100, 200, and 400 plants m -2 ) at four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha -1 ). At 56 days after sowing (DAS), R. cochinchinensis plant height decreased by 27-50 %, tiller number by 55-76 %, leaf number by 68-84 %, leaf area by 70-83 %, leaf biomass by 26-90 %, and inflorescence biomass by 60-84 %, with rice densities ranging from 100 to 400 plants m -2 . All these parameters increased with an increase in N rate. Without the addition of N, R. cochinchinensis plants were 174 % taller than rice; whereas, with added N, they were 233 % taller. Added N favored more weed biomass production relative to rice. R. cochinchinensis grew taller than rice (at all N rates) to avoid shade, which suggests that it is a ''shade-avoiding'' plant. R. cochinchinensis showed this ability to reduce the effect of rice interference through increased leaf weight ratio, specific stem length, and decreased root-shoot weight ratio. This weed is more responsive to N fertilizer than rice. Therefore, farmers should give special consideration to the application timing of N fertilizer when more N-responsive weeds are present in their field. Results suggest that the growth and seed production of R. cochinchinensis can be decreased considerably by increasing rice density to 400 plants m -2 . There is a need to integrate different weed control measures to achieve complete control of this noxious weed.

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“…glabrescens grown with high rice density responded with increased LWR, LAR, and SSL. Such plasticity is common in weeds and is reported for Ammannia spp., Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis [L.] Nees]), barnyardgrass, and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) in response to rice interference (Caton et al 1997;Johnson 2010a, 2011a;Chauhan and Abugho 2012), and for purple ammannia (Ammannia coccinnea Rottb. ), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth), and late watergrass (E. phyllopogon [Stapt] Koss) in response to shading (Patterson 1982a, b;).…”

Section: Implications For Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This weed may grow taller than rice where the crop stand is poor or non-uniform, or the gap between rice plants is quite large. At low seeding rates, E. glabrescens may shade rice and tall weed plants may lodge over the crop (e.g.,Caton et al 1997), which may create difficulty in crop harvesting and threshing and reduce crop yield.The mean number of leaves produced by E. glabrescens plants was influenced by rice cultivars and rice densities in all three sampling periods; however, there was no interaction between rice cultivars and crop interference levels for E. glabrescens leaf production (Table 1). E. glabrescens Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 16:41 03 April 2015…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth ofEchinochloa glabrescensin Response to Rice Cultivar and Density

Chauhan

Abugho

2013

Journal of Crop Improvement

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In Asia, Echinochloa glabrescens is one of the most common Echinochloa species in rice production systems. The use of weedcompetitive rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and rice density are important components of integrated weed management tools, but their use requires understanding the extent to which rice can interfere with E. glabrescens growth and how the weed may respond to this interference. Growth of E. glabrescens was studied in a screenhouse by growing it alone and with 4, 8, and 16 plants of two rice cultivars (Rc222 and Sabita). Sabita was taller than Rc222, but Rc222 had greater biomass than Sabita. E. glabrescens produced greater shoot biomass and seeds plant −1 when grown with Sabita than with Rc222. Increases in rice density progressively reduced the number of leaves, leaf area, shoot biomass, and seed production of E. glabrescens. However, E. glabrescens grown with the highest rice density responded with increased leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, and specific stem length. Despite such plasticity, E. glabrescens shoot biomass and seed production decreased by 83% and 88%, respectively, when grown with 16 rice plants (approximately 80 kg seed ha −1 ) compared with its biomass and seed production without crop interference. The results suggest that rice interference alone may significantly reduce the growth of E. glabrescens but may not provide complete control. This highlights the need to integrate different weed management strategies to achieve complete control of E. glabrescens and other weeds in direct-seeded rice systems.

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Phenotypic plasticity of Ammannia spp. in competition with rice

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Phenotypic Plasticity of Blistering Ammannia (Ammannia baccifera) in Competition with Direct-Seeded Rice

Phenotypic Plasticity of Blistering Ammannia (Ammannia baccifera) in Competition with Direct-Seeded Rice

Ecological significance of rice (Oryza sativa) planting density and nitrogen rates in managing the growth and competitive ability of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) in direct-seeded rice systems

Growth ofEchinochloa glabrescensin Response to Rice Cultivar and Density

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