“…The skull is a key structure that holds most sensory and some food processing organs, whose intraspecific variation frequently mirrors the influence of the clinal or steep environmental gradients (see Pergams & Ashley, 2001 ; Pergams & Lawler, 2009 ; Samuels, 2009 ; Grieco & Rizk, 2010 ). Rodent cranial variation has been broadly employed as a proxy to study the ecogeographical association and potential drivers of phenotypic variability in landscapes with natural ( e.g ., Bacigalupe, Iriarte-Díaz & Bozinovic, 2002 ; Monteiro, Duarte & dos Reis, 2003 ; Cordero & Epps, 2012 ; Alvarado-Serrano, Luna & Knowles, 2013 ; Camargo et al, 2019 ) or human modified ( e.g ., Martínez et al, 2014 ; Yalkovskaya et al, 2016 ; Caccavo et al, 2021 ; also see references in Coda et al, 2021 ) environmental configurations.…”