Phenotypic Variation Among Invasive Phragmites australis Populations Does Not Influence Salinity Tolerance

Schenck, Forest R.; Hanley, Torrance C.; Beighley, R. Edward; Hughes, A. Randall

doi:10.1007/s12237-017-0318-y

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…A large number of studies have confirmed that salt stress mainly limits plant growth and development by osmotic stress, disturbance of cell ion balance, and ion toxicity effects [83][84][85][86][87][88]. The salt content of soil in our study was a limiting effect on the growth indexespecially the significant negative correlation between the surface salt and plant height and stem diameter for Phragmites australis (P<0.05).…”

Section: Spatial Expansion Driving Forces Of Clonal Modules For Phragsupporting

confidence: 63%

Spatial Expansion Strategy of the Clonal Modules for <i>Phragmites australis</i> and Response to Environmental Factors in an Inland River Wetland

Jiao¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The different spatial expansion strategies of clonal plants are the result of their adaptations to extreme heterogeneous environments. In this paper, the spatial expansion strategy and the adaptive responses of Phragmites australis to environmental factors were analyzed by comparing clonal modules along degradation gradients (from wetland ecosystem to desert ecosystem). The results show that: 1) With the deterioration of the environmental conditions, the clonal modules (rhizome internode length, spacer length, primary rhizome length and branch angle) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, but the ramet number showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which turned the survival strategy from "Phalanx" (with cluster distribution and showing the invasion attitude) to "Guerilla" (with discrete distribution and showing the evasive attitude) and then back to Phalanx in the process of space expansion. 2) The clonal modules were significantly different in the heterogeneous environment, and were shown the co-development and trade-off relationships (P<0.05). 3) Soil water content, bulk density, pH value and salinity were the main driving forces-especially soil water content, bulk density and pH values in the middle and deep layers and the soil salinity of each layer were the most important environmental factors. The space expansion strategies of Phragmites australis in an extreme environment complemented the theories of traditional cloning plant ecology. And there was important guiding significance for the management and restoration of the degradation wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions to clarified environmental driving forces of clonal plants in inland river wetlands.

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Section: Spatial Expansion Driving Forces Of Clonal Modules For Phragsupporting

confidence: 63%

Spatial Expansion Strategy of the Clonal Modules for <i>Phragmites australis</i> and Response to Environmental Factors in an Inland River Wetland

Jiao¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Salinity covaried with both biomass and water‐table depth, which complicates the observed salinity effect on CH 4 flux. Increased Phragmites biomass and a trend of more rapid CO 2 cycling (greater rates of both NEE and RECO) at the fresher impounded sites with a negative correlation of CO 2 cycling with increased salinity reflects the well documented sensitivity of Phragmites to saline conditions (Burdick et al, 2001; Chambers et al, 2003; Schenck et al, 2018; Vasquez et al, 2006) and suggests that primary production is enhanced with reduced salinity across the gradient. More labile C availability at fresher sites where productivity is high likely stimulates CH 4 production (Hatala et al, 2012; Kim, Chaudhary, et al, 2020; Mozdzer & Megonigal, 2013; Van Der Nat & Middelburg, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Phragmites biomass and a trend of more rapid CO 2 cycling (greater rates of both NEE and RECO) at the fresher impounded sites with a negative correlation of CO 2 cycling with increased salinity reflects the well documented sensitivity of Phragmites to saline conditions (Burdick , 2001;Chambers et al, 2003;Schenck et al, 2018;Vasquez et al, 2006) and suggests that primary production is enhanced with reduced salinity across the gradient. More labile C availability at fresher sites where productivity is high likely stimulates CH 4 production (Hatala et al, 2012;Kim, Chaudhary, et al, 2020;Mozdzer & Megonigal, 2013; Although limited comparable eddy covariance measurements exist in this geographical region, our values suggest a high CO 2 uptake via NEE relative to the −179 ± 32 g C m −2 year −1 reported for a natural tidal salt marsh in northern Massachusetts (Forbrich et al, 2018), −213 g C m −2 year −1 for a restored tidal marsh (Artigas et al, 2015) and −73 g C m −2 year −1 (Schäfer et al, 2019) for a natural tidal marsh in New Jersey, and 138 ± 108 g C m −2 year −1 emission for a tidal salt marsh in Delaware (Vázquez-Lule & Vargas, 2021), while globally averaged NEE for coastal wetlands measured by eddy covariance has been reported at −208 ± 89 g C m −2 year −1 (Lu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Salinity Covaried With Both Biomass and Water-table Depth Whichmentioning

confidence: 81%

Impoundment increases methane emissions in Phragmites‐invaded coastal wetlands

Sanders‐DeMott

Gonneea

Kroeger

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Saline tidal wetlands are important sites of carbon sequestration and produce negligible methane (CH 4 ) emissions due to regular inundation with sulfate-rich seawater. Yet, widespread management of coastal hydrology has restricted tidal exchange in vast areas of coastal wetlands. These ecosystems often undergo impoundment and freshening, which in turn cause vegetation shifts like invasion by Phragmites, that affect ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding controls and scaling of carbon exchange in these understudied ecosystems is critical for informing climate consequences of blue carbon restoration and/or management interventions. Here, we (1) examine how carbon fluxes vary across a salinity gradient (4-25 psu) in impounded and natural, tidally unrestricted Phragmites wetlands using static chambers and (2) probe drivers of carbon fluxes within an impounded coastal wetland using eddy covariance at the Herring River in Wellfleet, MA, United States. Freshening across the salinity gradient led to a 50-fold increase in CH 4 emissions, but effects on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were less pronounced with uptake generally enhanced in the fresher, impounded sites. The impounded wetland experienced little variation in water-table depth or salinity during the growing season and was a strong CO 2 sink of −352 g CO 2 -C m −2 year −1 offset by CH 4 emission of 11.4 g CH 4 -C m −2 year −1 . Growing season CH 4 flux was driven primarily by temperature. Methane flux exhibited a diurnal cycle with a night-time minimum that was not reflected in opaque chamber measurements. Therefore, we suggest accounting for the diurnal cycle of CH 4 in Phragmites, for example by applying a scaling factor developed here of ~0.6 to mid-day chamber measurements. Taken together, these results suggest that although freshened, impounded wetlands can be strong carbon sinks, enhanced CH 4 emission with freshening reduces net radiative balance.Restoration of tidal flow to impounded ecosystems could limit CH 4 production and enhance their climate regulating benefits.

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“…Appropriate salt supplementation can increase fiber content and biomass, making it healthier and more robust ( Guan et al., 2017 ). Soil salinity plays a dominant role in determining the growth of P. australis , and high salinity limits the population’s survival ( Schenck et al., 2018 ; Jiao et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2021b ; Barbafieri et al., 2023 ). The results showed that the variation coefficients of plant height at low tidal flat and biomass at high tidal flat of P. australis were 37.06% and 44.6%, respectively, indicating that these two morphological traits were largely affected by environmental factors ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers found that the tidal P. australis population was more tolerant to salt than the freshwater population, with numerous genes and alleles of antioxidant protection system enzymes related to salt damage ( Holmes et al., 2016 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ), which laid the groundwork for future transgenic engineering and molecular marker development in salt-tolerant plants. However, despite extensive research on the salt tolerance mechanism of P. australis in coastal salt marshes ( Gao et al., 2012 ; Schenck et al., 2018 ; Lambertini et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2021 ; Wu et al., 2022 ; Liu et al., 2023 ), there has still been a lack of research focused on the survival strategies and gene expression patterns of P. australis populations along tidal flat gradients in coastal marsh wetlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological responses of Phragmites australis populations to a tidal flat gradient in the Yangtze River Estuary, China

Jia,

Zhao,

Jia

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Phragmites australis is a prevalent species in the Chongming Dongtan wetland and is capable of thriving in various tidal flat environments, including high salinity habitats. P. australis population displays inconsistent ecological performances, highlighting the need to uncover their survival strategies and mechanisms in tidal flats with diverse soil salinities. Upon comparing functional traits of P. australis at multiple tidal flats (low, middle, and high) and their responses to soil physicochemical properties, this study aimed to clarify the salt-tolerant strategy of P. australis and the corresponding mechanisms. These results showed that leaf characteristics, such as specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, demonstrated more robust stability to soil salinity than shoot height and dry weight. Furthermore, as salt stress intensified, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxisome (POD) in P. australis leaves at low tidal flat exhibited an increased upward trend compared to those at other tidal flats. The molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in Phragmites australis across various habitats was investigated using transcriptome sequencing. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened out 3 modules closely related to high salt tolerance and identified 105 core genes crucial for high salt tolerance. Further research was carried out on the few degraded populations at low tidal flat, and 25 core genes were identified by combining WGCNA and DEGs. A decrease in the activity of ferroptosis marker gonyautoxin-4 and an increase in the content of Fe3+ in the degenerated group were observed, indicating that ferroptosis might participate in degradation. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated a possible regulatory network between salt tolerance and ferroptosis. In short, this study provided new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of P. australis population along tidal flats.

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Phenotypic Variation Among Invasive Phragmites australis Populations Does Not Influence Salinity Tolerance

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Spatial Expansion Strategy of the Clonal Modules for <i>Phragmites australis</i> and Response to Environmental Factors in an Inland River Wetland

Spatial Expansion Strategy of the Clonal Modules for <i>Phragmites australis</i> and Response to Environmental Factors in an Inland River Wetland

Impoundment increases methane emissions in Phragmites‐invaded coastal wetlands

Ecophysiological responses of Phragmites australis populations to a tidal flat gradient in the Yangtze River Estuary, China

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