Phenotypic variations alter the ecological impact of invasive alien species: Lessons from Parthenium hysterophorus

Kaur, Amarpreet; Kaur, Shalinder; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R. K.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.129

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the AGDB/P measurement FDBM/P was omitted. For the computation of biomass allotment, dry matter content (g) was utilized following Kaur et al ( 2019 ). AGDB/P, BDBM/P, IDBM/P, and FDBM/P were included in the percentage of the biomass allocation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

2022

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Invasive biology acknowledges the concept of better performance by invasive plants in the introduced range. Xanthium strumarium L. is one of the successful invasive species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The phenological pattern, vegetative and reproductive traits plasticity analysis of the species was explored to explain the invasive success across the altitudinal gradient in the current invaded habitats. Phenological patterns and timing (seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, drying, and seed bank) were observed during a full year for two seasons. We also examine plant functional traits at altitudes of 500, 1000, and 1500 m a.s.l. to assess traits and biomass variations. The X. strumarium exhibits late vegetative and reproductive phenology at higher altitudes, enabling them to occupy an empty niche and benefit from decreased competition for resource acquisition. The lower altitude plants show a higher growth rate (stem size increase, number of leaves, and leaf area) due to the higher nutrient availability. Higher altitude plants have the highest reproductive biomass and biomass ratio revealing plant abilities to be reproductively adapted in the higher altitudes. Among climatic variables, mean yearly temperature, mean annual yearly humidity, and mean day length in hours, while in soil variables, organic matter and nitrogen percentage significantly affect the phenological and morphological stages. Therefore, we conclude that X. strumarium can invade higher altitudes with a shift in its phenological and morphological changes making the invasion process successful.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

2022

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“…Following a study by Perez-Harguindeguy et al (2016) , 11 vegetative parameters were evaluated to investigate the vegetative functional traits variations and plasticity, which include root length/plant (RL/P) (cm), dry weight root/plant (DWR/P) (g), aboveground plant height/plant (AGPH/P) (cm), number of leaves/plant (NL/P), leaf diameter/leaf (LW/L) (cm), leaf length/leaf (LL/L) (cm), dry weight leaves/plant (DWLs/P) (g), dry weight stem/plant (DWS/P) (g), and crown cover/plant (CC/P) (cm). The dry weight of the plant organs was determined by oven drying the functional parts (root, stem, leaves, capitula, and seeds) at 60°C for 72 h according to the procedure adopted by Sharma et al (2017) using an electronic balance of precision 0.0101 g. Dry matter content (g) was used to calculate biomass allotment, following a study by Kaur et al (2019) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Driven Changes in the Functional Traits of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn.] Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Semi-Arid Environment: Perspective on Future Plant Invasion

Khan

Ullah²,

Alamri³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The elevation is an important gradient across which the environmental variables and plant traits vary and is considered as a barrier to the recent global problem of plant invasion. However, certain invasive plants show plasticity traits to adapt and cope with the changes across the elevation. Silybum marianum (S. marianum) is one such invasive species widely spread in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, this study investigates the traits plasticity and invasive behaviors of this plant species across the elevation gradient. Plant functional traits (PFTs) and environmental variables were recorded in forty different low, middle, and high elevation sites. The plant shows a decrease in plant functional traits, i.e., above-ground plant height/plant, leaf length/leaf, leaf width/leaf, leaf dry weight/plant, vegetative dry weight/plant, and number of capitula/plant having the significance of p < 0.05. In contrast, the dry reproductive weight does not change significantly with elevation, while the root length increases across the elevation. The soil and environmental variables such as organic matter, lime percentage, and latitude significantly affected the PFTs. The importance value index of the species was also related to elevation and diversity indices, i.e., species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and evenness index, indicating that the invasion has strong effects on diversity. This study concludes that S. marianum has traits plasticity across the elevation and affects community diversity. Further investigation is required to understand the invasion and diversity parameters in a better way.

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“…3), shortened their life cycle, produced a root network that was greater in length, regulated their photosynthesis activity, and produced higher levels of metabolites, including soluble sugars, phenolics, soluble proteins, and proline, to enable them to efficiently adapt (Bajwa et al 2017). The phenotype that was grown in relatively drier areas also had increased chlorophyll content (Kaur et al 2019). Significantly higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase, and the accumulation of the antioxidants ascorbate and proline, and several defense proteins under oxidative stress have been shown to occur when parthenium weed is exposed to drought compared to normal conditions (Ahmad et al 2017).…”

Section: Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

A superweed in the making: adaptations of Parthenium hysterophorus to a changing climate. A review

Mao

Bajwa

Adkins

2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is a globally invasive plant with significant negative impacts on the environment, agriculture, economy, and health. This invasion problem is likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]), high ambient temperatures, heatwaves, and droughts will facilitate the establishment, range expansion, and interference potential of this invasive species while making its management more difficult. Here, for the first time, we review the potential impact of climate change elements on parthenium weed biology and management at regional and global levels. We establish that (1) parthenium weed plants morphologically and physiologically adapt to sustain or promote their growth, fecundity, competitive ability, and allelopathic effect under most climate change scenarios; (2) climate change elements can reduce the relative vigor of neighboring plants, especially C4 grasses, in competition with parthenium weed, providing this invasive species a competitive edge; (3) elevated [CO 2 ] has the most pronounced positive effect on parthenium weed performance compared to other climate change elements; (4) the efficacy of a widely used herbicide, glyphosate, may be reduced on parthenium weed grown under elevated [CO 2 ]; (5) mixed effects have been reported for biological control agents, with some losing ground, while others are maintaining or improving their efficacy; and (6) a greater risk of spread and range expansion under sustained climate change will pose greater challenges for management in natural and managed ecosystems. There has been a disturbing transition of this weed from noncropped landscapes to agroecosystems in response to recent climatic and land use changes. All evidence presented in this review suggests that the situation will be greatly aggravated if drastic management interventions are not implemented. Therefore, the research, policy, and outreach focus must be revisited and revamped considering the impacts of climate change to develop pragmatic solutions to combat this "superweed".

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Phenotypic variations alter the ecological impact of invasive alien species: Lessons from Parthenium hysterophorus

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

Environment-Driven Changes in the Functional Traits of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn.] Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Semi-Arid Environment: Perspective on Future Plant Invasion

A superweed in the making: adaptations of Parthenium hysterophorus to a changing climate. A review

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