Phenoxy nanocomposite carriers for delivery of nanofillers in epoxy matrix for resin transfer molding (RTM)-manufactured composites

Velthem, Pascal Van; Ballout, Wael; Dumont, D.; Daoust, Daniel; Sclavons, Michel; Cordenier, F.; Pardoen, Thomas; Devaux, Jacques; Bailly, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.008

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, crosslinking progressively slows down diffusion and essentially stops it at the gel point. The diffusion coefficients of the TP and of large epoxy oligomers are orders of magnitude lower than those of the resin monomers . Hence, we mainly observe a swelling of the TP by the epoxy monomers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Specific influence of polyethersulfone functionalization on the delamination toughness of modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer processed by resin transfer molding

Ballout¹,

Velthem

Magnin

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The specific influence of polyethersulfone (PES) end‐functionalization with chlorine or hydroxyl end groups at same molar mass on PES‐epoxy composites based on a high‐performance tetra‐epoxide with di‐amine hardener resin (RTM6) is investigated in terms of morphology, thermal behavior, and toughness. A model study on PES filaments embedded in epoxy precursor is first performed to compare the interdiffusion and resulting morphology upon curing. PES‐OH shows a larger interdiffusion distance compared to PES‐Cl in the model systems and the laminates. This effect is more pronounced at high heating rate. Cross sections and fracture surfaces of composite panels are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy to establish the link between the microstructures and fracture mechanisms. The toughness of PES‐OH‐modified epoxy composites is doubled compared to unmodified reference panels, whereas the PES‐Cl shows no improvement. The favorable influence of PES‐OH is ascribed to enhanced miscibility, interfacial adhesion and morphology, resulting from the better affinity between hydroxyl‐terminated PES and the epoxy‐resin. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:996–1009, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Specific influence of polyethersulfone functionalization on the delamination toughness of modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer processed by resin transfer molding

Ballout¹,

Velthem

Magnin

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

Self Cite

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“…However, we found the 13 μm MRP particles would be trapped in the outer fabric layer of the preforms as the gap between fibers of fabrics is around 2 μm. Even for nanoparticles, previous works have revealed their non-uniform distribution and uneven performance [14,36]. These issues normally restrain the use of non-soluble additive modified resins in RTM processing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical structure, molecular weight, and composition of RTM epoxy resins were optimized to have a very low viscosity to satisfy the fluidity requirement for RTM processing, whereas most of these modification procedures increase the resin viscosity [22,29,31,32,33,34,35]. The nano/micromaterials would either be filtered by the mixer of the RTM instrument or enriched on the outer layers of reinforcing three-dimensional (3D) preforms, leading to a non-uniform distribution of the nano/micromaterials, [14,36], therefore potentially introducing a negative effect on fire resistance and the mechanical properties of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin

et al. 2018

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Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

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“…Other approaches for composites in-situ monitoring involves new technologies for self-sensing components. Smart modified fabrics [31][32][33][34] and smart modified resins [35,36], mostly by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT), are taking advantage of key processing approaches for nanotube/fiber hybridization and its application as sensors. On one side, coated fabrics with carbon nanomaterials, have been subjected to compaction and flow monitoring tests, showing promising results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-instrumentation monitoring for the curing process of a composite structure

et al. 2020

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Phenoxy nanocomposite carriers for delivery of nanofillers in epoxy matrix for resin transfer molding (RTM)-manufactured composites

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Specific influence of polyethersulfone functionalization on the delamination toughness of modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer processed by resin transfer molding

Specific influence of polyethersulfone functionalization on the delamination toughness of modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer processed by resin transfer molding

Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin

Multi-instrumentation monitoring for the curing process of a composite structure

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