Phenthoate Metabolites in Human Poisoning

Kawabata, Sumie; Hayasaka, Moriaki; Hayashi, Hideyuki; Sakata, Masakatsu; Hatakeyama, Yasuhide; Ogura, Nobutaka

doi:10.3109/15563659409000430

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Phenthoate is known as an organophosphate pesticide having low toxicity in humans . In a previous case of fatal phenthoate poisoning reported by Hattori et al., the phenthoate concentration in the blood was 18.5 mg/mL , which was higher than that detected in the cardiac blood in the present case; however, the postmortem blood examined in that case had not been determined to be peripheral or cardiac blood in the autopsy.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…In the present case, phenthoate was present in the stomach contents (4.55 g); hence, we concluded that the phenthoate had been orally ingested. Moreover, phenthoate contains a carboxyester moiety in the acidic side chain, which is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase in the body to form a corresponding nontoxic metabolite, phenthoate acid . Ageda et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, phenthoate contains a carboxyester moiety in the acidic side chain, which is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase in the body to form a corresponding nontoxic metabolite, phenthoate acid (16). Ageda et al demonstrated that the residual level of phenthoate in human blood containing dichlorvos was significantly higher than that in blood without dichlorvos after incubation at 37°C for 24 h (19) because dichlorvos inhibits the activity of not only cholinesterase but also of carboxylesterase (16,19). In this case, hydrolysis of the carboxyester in phenthoate was delayed due to the inhibition of carboxylesterase activity by dichlorvos, which led to fatal poisoning.…”

Section: Quantification Of Dichlorvos and Phenthoatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As organophosphates became commercially available as agricultural insecticides (1)(2)(3)(4), poisoning with organophosphates in humans has sometimes occurred through accidental exposure via the skin and airways during agricultural work (8,9). Additionally, acute poisoning due to organophosphates can occur through self-ingestion (8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Dichlorvos has been used as a household insecticide (2), and fatal poisoning with this compound has rarely been reported (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dichlorvos has been used as a household insecticide , and fatal poisoning with this compound has rarely been reported . Meanwhile, because phenthoate is an organophosphorus pesticide with low mammalian toxicity , only one autopsy case of phenthoate was reported >30 years previously . In forensic medicine, autopsy case reports of acute fatal poisoning caused by the ingestion of both dichlorvos and phenthoate, which were detected using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS), have not previously been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal Poisoning with Both Dichlorvos and Phenthoate,

Nara

Yamada

Kodama

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Organophosphates are widely used as pesticides. However, organophosphates are occasionally orally ingested to commit suicide. In this case, a man in his late 80s committed suicide by ingesting both dichlorvos and phenthoate. Autopsy findings revealed a characteristic volatile odor from his mouth, stomach, lungs, liver, and kidneys. The esophageal mucosa was denatured and had lost elasticity. Serum cholinesterase activity was 9 IU/L. Toxicological analyses performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that dichlorvos concentrations in the left and right cardiac blood samples were 11.6 and 4.6 μg/mL, respectively. Phenthoate concentrations in the left and right cardiac blood samples were 5.8 and 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. The total amounts of dichlorvos and phenthoate in the stomach were 7.35 and 4.55 g, respectively. The case history, autopsy findings, and toxicological analyses indicated that the cause of death was acute fatal poisoning after oral ingestion of both dichlorvos and phenthoate.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantification Of Dichlorvos and Phenthoatementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal Poisoning with Both Dichlorvos and Phenthoate,

Nara

Yamada

Kodama

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Enantioselective determination of phenthoate enantiomers in plant‐origin matrices using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Dong

Zhou

Zuo

et al. 2021

Biomedical Chromatography

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Phenthoate is a chiral organophosphate pesticide with a pair of enantiomers which differ in toxicity, behavior and insecticidal activity, and its acute toxicity on human health owing to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase highlights the need for enantioselective detection of enantiomers. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a simple rapid method for separation and detection of phenthoate enantiomers in fruits, vegetables and grains. The enantiomers were separated using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. Rapid chiral separation (within 9 min) of the target compound was achieved on a chiral OJ‐RH column with the mobile phase of methanol–water = 85:15(v/v), at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a column temperature of 30°C. Acetonitrile and graphitized carbon black were used as the extractant and sorbent for pretreatment, respectively. This method provides excellent linearity (correlation coefficient ≥0.9986), high sensitivity (limit of quantification 5 μg/kg and limit of detection <0.25 μg/kg), satisfactory mean recoveries (76.2–91.0%) and relative standard deviation (intra‐day RSDs ranged from 2.0 to 7.9% and inter‐day RSDs ranged from 2.4 to 8.4%). In addition, a field trial to explore the stereoselective degradation of phenthoate enantiomers in citrus showed that (−)‐phenthoate degraded faster than its antipode, resulting in the relative accumulation of (+)‐phenthoate.

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Lack of promoting activity of four pesticides on induction of preneoplastic liver cell foci in rats

Katô

Ogiso

Kato

et al. 1995

Teratog Carcinog Mutagen

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Four pesticides were examined for hepatopromoting activity using a medium-term bioassay based upon induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the rat liver. Male F344 rats were initially injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally and 2 weeks later were treated with O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN; 75 and 150 ppm), diazinon (500 and 1,000 ppm), phenthoate (500 and 1,000 ppm), or iprobenfos (500 and 1,000 ppm) in the diet for 6 weeks and then killed, all rats being subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3. All of the pesticides gave negative results, the numbers and areas of GST-P positive foci not exceeding the control values for animals given DEN alone. Indeed, a significant reduction of foci development was seen for EPN (75 ppm). These findings provide experimental evidence that the presently examined four pesticides do not have hepatocarcinogenic potential in rats.

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Phenthoate Metabolites in Human Poisoning

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Fatal Poisoning with Both Dichlorvos and Phenthoate,

Fatal Poisoning with Both Dichlorvos and Phenthoate,

Enantioselective determination of phenthoate enantiomers in plant‐origin matrices using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Lack of promoting activity of four pesticides on induction of preneoplastic liver cell foci in rats

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