Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase‐induced freezing tolerance in jack pine (<i>Pinus banksiana</i>) seedlings treated with low, ambient levels of ultraviolet‐B radiation

Teklemariam, Thomas A.; Blake, Terence J.

doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00396.x

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It has recently been shown that inhibition of the key enzyme of the phenolic pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the subsequent deficiency of phenolics impaired the course of cold acclimation in many ways (Solecka and Kacperska 2003). This is in agreement with the study of Teklemariam and Blake (2004), which showed that the freezing injury of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings was increased in PAL-inhibited seedlings. Thus, the strong increase of total phenolics in our study, from 9% to 24% of needle DW during the course of cold hardening, may indicate their importance also for freezing tolerance of spruce.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Phenolic compounds in Norway spruce as affected by boron nutrition at the end of the growing season

et al. 2007

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The increase in concentrations of phenolic compounds in boron (B) deficiency has been demonstrated in many herbaceous plant species, but information on woody plants is scarce. It has been suggested that accumulation of phenolic compounds plays a role in the development of cold hardiness in herbaceous plants but also that B deficiency decreases winter hardiness. Here we study the effects of B nutrition on phenolic compounds in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) in the course of cold acclimation. Phenolic compounds were analysed in Norway spruce seedlings from three different B-fertilisation treatments in two harvests: non-acclimated and cold-acclimated seedlings. Norway spruce phenolic compounds consisted mainly of condensed tannins. During B deficiency, condensed tannins and monocoumaroyl-astragalin der. 1 increased in non-acclimated seedlings. The increase in tannins was 21%, which was nearly significant. However, the effect of B on phenolic compounds was almost absent in cold-acclimated seedlings. The condensed tannin concentration increased much more with time in the simulated autumn than due to B deficiency, and we conclude that the B effect was probably not large enough to be important for the hardening of the seedlings. The total phenolic concentrations more than doubled during the course of cold hardening suggesting that phenolics have a role in the winter hardiness in Norway spruce.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Phenolic compounds in Norway spruce as affected by boron nutrition at the end of the growing season

et al. 2007

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“…The protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against the photoinhibition generally associated with chilling stress could be detected not only in the temperature-and pH-dependent activation of the xanthophyll cycle, involved in energy dissipation, and in an increase in the pH-independent carotenoid content, but also as an increase in the quantity of phenoloids, flavonoids and anthocyanins synthesised via the phenylpropanoid pathway [29][30][31]. When changes in the quantities of the phenoloids (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, ferulic acid esters, p-coumaric acid) and flavonoids (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of S-methylmethionine on the photosynthesis in maize at different chilling temperatures

et al. 2010

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TheeffectofthenaturalcompoundS-methylmethionine(SMM)onthefunctioningofthephotosyntheticapparatus,theefficiencyof photosynthesis and the synthesis of stress-induced phenoloids and anthocyanins involved in defence was investigated in young maize plantsexposedtomoderateandseverechillingstress.DamagetoPSIIwasobservedasareductioninthevalueofvariablefluorescence (Fv/Fm) which could be detected even after few hours of mild chilling stress. At temperatures below 10°C, the reduction in Fv/Fm was more pronounced. Changes in the value of net photosynthesis exhibited a similar tendency. SMM has a moderating effect on this reduction and itsprotectiveeffectwasmorepronouncedunderlong-lastingchillingstressandatthelowesttemperatures.Monitoringoffluorescence intensitiesandratioscorrelatedwiththelevelsofstressdefencecompounds.Thefluorescenceintensitieswerefoundtoincreaseover the course of chilling stress in response to SMM, with the highest values being recorded in plants exposed to the longest period of stress. Asimilartendencywasobservedforthequantityofanthocyanins.TheresultsconfirmthecomplexroleofSMM,whichismanifestedbothin preserving the ability of the photosynthetic apparatus to function and in stimulating the synthesis of metabolites involved in stress defence.

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“…This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme PAL, which is commonly considered the principal enzyme in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (Dixon and Paiva 1995). In previous investigations, PAL activity could be induced by various stresses, such as chilling (Sanchez-Ballesta et al 2000;Lafuente et al 2003), wounding (Campos-Vargas et al 2005), UV-B light (Teklemariam and Blake 2004), ozone (Sgarbi et al 2003), pathogen invasion (Jones 1984) and plant hormones including jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene (Lafuente et al 2004;Wen et al 2005;Chen et al 2006). The present study showed that application of 150 lM exogenous SA induced a rapid and substantial increase in PAL activity in grape berry tissues during high temperature stress, within 1 h of heat treatment which alleviated the injury caused by high temperature stress (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid activates phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in grape berry in response to high temperature stress

et al. 2008

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Our previous work has indicated that salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the development of pea plant thermotolerance and induces the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), a key enzyme in phenylpropanoid metabolism of grape berry. However, the relationship between SA and PAL during high temperature stress remains obscure. The present experiment, using the technique of in vivo incubation of the grape berry (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) tissue in the SA-contained medium, the effects of exogenous SA on the gene expression of PAL and the accumulation of polyphenols during high temperature stress were investigated. The results showed that SA could induce the accumulation of PAL mRNA and the synthesis of new PAL protein, and increase the activity under high temperature stress. A significant accumulation of phenolics was also observed in the SA-treated berries. But, the activation of PAL by SA could be blocked by the pretreatments of berry tissues with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and mRNA transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, respectively. It is thus speculated that SA may induce the activation of PAL and the accumulation of pheonlics leading to the development of thermotolerance.

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Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase‐induced freezing tolerance in jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings treated with low, ambient levels of ultraviolet‐B radiation

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Phenolic compounds in Norway spruce as affected by boron nutrition at the end of the growing season

Phenolic compounds in Norway spruce as affected by boron nutrition at the end of the growing season

Effect of S-methylmethionine on the photosynthesis in maize at different chilling temperatures

Salicylic acid activates phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in grape berry in response to high temperature stress

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