Phenylnaphthalenes and polyphenyls in Palaeozoic source rocks of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Distribution and geochemical significance of phenylphenanthrenes and their isomers in selected oils and rock extracts from the Tarim Basin, NW China

“…The abundance of parent phenanthrene may be different for the differences in the input of organic matter in source rocks and/or thermal maturation level of sedimentary organic matter. As proposed by previous studies (Marynowski et al 2001;Rospondek et al 2009), the phenylation of phenanthrene is mainly associated with an oxidizing depositional environment. Therefore, an oxic to suboxic environment may favor the formation of phenylphenanthrenes.…”

“…Phenyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their heterocyclic counterparts are important components in aromatic fractions of some crude oils and sedimentary rock extracts (Marynowski et al 2001(Marynowski et al , 2002(Marynowski et al , 2004Rospondek et al 2007Rospondek et al , 2009Li et al 2012a;Grafka et al 2015). A series of phenylphenanthrene (PhP), phenylanthracene (PhA), and binaphthyl (BiN) isomers have been firmly identified by using authentic standards (Rospondek et al 2009).…”

“…According to Marynowski et al (2001), Rospondek et al (2009), and Grafka et al (2015), diagenetic/catagenetic oxidation of sedimentary organic matter at the redox interface in buried sedimentary rocks is likely to be the main source of arylated polycyclic aromatic compounds in the geosphere. Laboratory experiments indicate that the reaction of free radical phenylation with phenanthrene or anthracene moieties can account for the distribution of phenylphenanthrenes and phenylanthracenes in oxidized rock samples with Type II and III kerogen (Marynowski et al 2001;Rospondek et al 2009;Grafka et al 2015). Therefore, a significant amount of PhPs and other phenyl-substituted PAHs in ancient sedimentary rocks are commonly associated with oxic to suboxic depositional environments.…”

Phenyl derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds as indicators of hydrothermal activity in the Silurian black siliceous shales of the Bardzkie Mountains, Poland

“…These compounds have only been identified in some specific source rocks, solid bitumen, bituminous coals and hydrothermal petroleum (Li et al, 2012;Marynowski et al, 2001Marynowski et al, , 2002Polissar et al, 2011;Püttmann et al, 1990;Serebrennikova et al, 2003;White and Lee, 1980;Willsch and Radke, 1995;Zhang et al, 2013), while there is no evidence to confirm their occurrence in crude oils or condensates. Detailed characteristics of PhPACs from the Permian Kupferschiefer of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland, and the Devonian carbonates and shales of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland were reported by Marynowski et al (2001Marynowski et al ( , 2002 and Rospondek et al (2007Rospondek et al ( , 2009). These authors identified numerous groups of phenyl-and naphthyl-PAC derivatives, including: phenylnaphthalenes, terphenyls, phenylphenanthrenes, phenyl-and diphenylbenzo [b]thiophenes, phenyldibenzothiophenes, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, naphthylbenzo [b]thiophenes, phenyldibenzofurans, and tentatively identified phenyltriphenylenes, quater-, quinque-and sexiphenyls.…”

“…The oldest PhPACs-bearing sedimentary rocks described so far are from the Middle Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Marynowski et al, 2001(Marynowski et al, , 2002Rospondek et al, 2007Rospondek et al, , 2009). However, due to the formation of PhPACs during secondary, late diagenetic processes, the occurrence of these compounds is expected in sedimentary rocks of different ages and lithologies.…”