Phenytoin and gingival mucosa: A molecular investigation

Abstract

Several distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers, caused gingival overgrowth. One of the main drugs associated with the gingival overgrowth is the anti-epileptic such as phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. In our study, we evaluate the effect of phenytoin, a drug whose active substance is phenytoin, on gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers. Gene expression of 29 genes was investigated in gingival fibroblasts’ cell culture treated with phenytoin compared with untreated cells. Among the studied genes, only 13 genes (CXCL5, CXCL10, CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-7, IL-6R, BMP-2, and TNFSF-10) were statistically significant. All but one gene resulted downregulated after 24 h of treatment with phenytoin. BPM2 was the only, although weakly, up-expressed gene. Probably, we have not highlighted overexpression of the other inflammatory molecules because the study was performed on healthy people. Many studies show that phenytoin induces the overexpression of these cytokines but, probably, in our study, the drug does not have the same effect because we used gingival fibroblasts of healthy people.

Prevalence of gingival enlargement in patients with fixed orthodontic aparatology: A cross-sectional observational study.

“…Thus, it differs from those gingival enlargements also of inflammatory but acute origin such as abscesses, or from those of neoplastic origin [4] . are also distinguished from enlargements caused by systemic factors, including those modulated by hormonal changes [5]; those generated as side effects of the anticonvulsant drugs use such as phenytoin [6], calcium blockers such as nifedipine [7], or immunosuppressant's [8] such as cyclosporine [9], whose effect depends on the dose ingested by the patient, at a lower dose, less effect [10]; and those resulting in systemic diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, neurofibromatosis, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, some granulomatous disorders, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and nutritional deficiencies, among others [11].…”

Identification of Gingivitis-Related Genes Across Human Tissues Based on the Summary Mendelian Randomization

“…It is worth noting that studies have found that alcohol has an irreversible effect on human gingival fibroblasts ( Wyganowska-Świątkowska et al, 2018 ). In addition, some studies have found that the expression level of CCR1 tends to change in the gingival fibroblast ( Candotto et al, 2019 ; Lauritano et al, 2019 ).…”

EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL (EPIs) E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NO COMBATE E CONTROLE DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

“…Seu consumo deve ser claramente registrado no prontuário, de forma que o controle mecânico de biofilme (pelo profissional e pelo paciente) seja priorizado. Já a difenil-hidantoína está associada à hiperplasia gengival dilantínica, acometendo em torno de 50% dos pacientes que a usam de forma continuada (BRUNET et al, 2001;CANDOTTO et al, 2019;SRIDHARAN et al, 2019).…”