“…Various reagent systems (halogen/nitrogen sources) such as TsNH 2 –NBS ( Thakur et al, 2003 ; Chen et al, 2009a ; Chen et al, 2009b ; Shaikh et al, 2009 ; Wei et al, 2009a ; Wei et al, 2009b ; Cai et al, 2011 ; Yu et al, 2017 ), cyanamide–NBS ( Ponsold and Ihn, 1970 ), N-bromoacetamide ( Yeung et al, 2006a ; Yeung et al, 2006b ), N,N-dihalosulfonamides ( Kharasch and Priestley, 1939 ), S,S-dimethyl-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)sulfilimine–NBS ( Raghavan et al, 2001 ), BocNH 2 /BocNBr 2 ( Chen et al, 2013 ), N,N-dihalocarbamates ( Śliwińska and Zwierzak, 2003 ) and N-halocarbamates ( Driguez et al, 1978 ) have been designed to carry out this transformation. To achieve high yields, excellent regioselectivities and diastereoselectivities, our group as well as others have developed efficient catalytic systems which comprise: metal and nonmetal powders ( Chen et al, 2009b ; Wei et al, 2009a ), metal oxides ( Thakur et al, 2003 ; Shaikh et al, 2009 ) and metal salts ( Albone et al, 1998 ; Ando et al, 1998 ; Li et al, 1999 ; Li et al, 2000 ; Wei et al, 2001 ; Yeung et al, 2006a ; Wang et al, 2008 ; Chen et al, 2009a ; Wei et al, 2009b ; Yadav et al, 2009 ), organic catalysts like hypervalent iodines ( Fan et al, 2007 ; Wang and Wu, 2007 ; Wu et al, 2008 ), phosphoric acid or phosphate ( Chen et al, 2010 ; Huang et al, 2011 ; Alix et al, 2012 ; Xie et al, 2013 ), noncatalytic routes which utilize Bronsted acids ( Wu and Wang, 2007 ) such as H 2 SO 4 or ionic liquid media [Bmim][BF 4 ]( Xu et al, 2004 ). Though considerable progress has been made in this area, drastic reaction conditions, procedural complexities, the use of metal catalysts and contamination of materials by metal traces ( Chen et al, 2003a ; Garrett and Prasad, 2004 ; Huang and Shaughnessy, 2006 ) limit their application.…”