“…These social factors are represented by Wanghong attractiveness or Wanghong trustworthiness ( Park and Lin, 2020 ), positive evaluations towards the vendor based on their reputation, hedonic effort, price advantage, etc., as well as a crowd perception of other buyers ( Leeraphong and Sukrat, 2018 ). It may also derive from a relationship state with the streamer, such as para-social interactions ( Ko and Chen, 2020 ), affective intensives ( Zhang et al, 2022a ), swift guanxi ( Men and Zheng, 2019 ), etc. The second stream focuses on the technical features of live streaming, including technology enablers such as visibility affordance, meta-voicing affordance, and guidance shopping affordance ( Sun et al, 2019 ); Learning-related affordances like coactive vicarious learning and independent vicarious learning ( Li et al, 2020 ); And IT-mediated mechanisms such as value transmission, vicarious experience learning, and product presentation ( Chen et al, 2019 ).…”