Phlebography in the Localization of Incompetent Communicating Veins in Patients With Varicose Veins

Massell, Theodore B.; Ettinger, Jerome

doi:10.1097/00000658-194806000-00011

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Methods aiming at a detailed investigation of the communicating veins have also been described by MASSEL & ETTINGER (1948), COLIN & GERSTEN (1950), VAN HOVE (1952) and COCKET & JONES (1953). DRASNAR (1946) and DIMTZA (1951) described transosseous injection of contrast medium for visualization of the deep veins.…”

Section: Ake Gullmomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Technique of Phlebography of the Lower Limb

Gullmo¹

1956

Acta Radiologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Ake Gullmomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Technique of Phlebography of the Lower Limb

Gullmo¹

1956

Acta Radiologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Changes in the communicating veins. Retrograde filling of the communicating veins has also been interpreted as an indication of in competence (MASSELL and ETTINGER 1948;MOORE 1949 VAN HOVE 1952). This is, however, also a normal occurrence (GREITZ 1955).…”

Section: Fundamental Pathologic Changes and Their Existence In Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascending Phlebography in Venous Insufficiency

Greitz¹

1955

Acta Radiologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, it has been demonstrated by Sherman (19) Recently a method was described whereby most incompetent communicating and perforating veins may be detected by phlebography (13).…”

Section: Primary Varicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physiological Approach to Peripheral Venous Stasis

Massell¹,

Kraus²

1950

Angiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The therapy of such conditions as the post-phlebitic syndrome and primary varicosis has in the past often been based on certain traditional misconceptions rather than on a clear understanding of the physiopathological mechanism involved in peripheral venous stasis. Among the erroneous ideas that have long been widely accepted, two are outstanding:(1) That veins which have been the site of thrombophlebitis remain permanently obstructed.(2) That the varicose veins which often occur in the post-phlebitic state represent important collateral channels which must be preserved.The purpose of this paper is to point out the fundamental hemodynamic disturbance common both to primary varicosis and to the sequellae of deep venous thrombosis, and to outline a rational therapeutic program based on an understanding of this disturbance. _ PHYSIOLOGY _ Inasmuch as thrombosis in veins, as elsewhere, is followed by organization and canalization of the thrombus, a lumen is soon restored in veins which are the site of thrombophlebitis (8,22). However, this newly restored lumen is not only narrower than in the normal vein, but no longer contains functioning valves (5). In varicose veins, likewise, the valves are non-functional (16). Thus, when the patient assumes the upright position, the blood flows in a retrograde direction both in the deep veins in the post-phlebitic state and in the superficial veins in the presence of varicosis. It does not matter whether the varicosis is primary or secondary to an old deep thrombophlebitis. The normal direction of blood flow is maintained only in those veins of the lower extremities in which there are competent valves.When a patient with incompetent valves in the veins of the lower extremities is in an upright position, the venous pressure becomes excessively high. This increased pressure exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, resulting in an increased quantity of lymph formation (1). If phlebitis has been the forerunner, the condition is probably aggravated by the obliteration of many of the perivenous lymphatic channels.The edema fluid of peripheral venous stasis contains a large amount of protein (18). To this high protein fluid are added cellular elements of the blood as a result of increased capillary permeability and diapedesis of the red blood cells;

show abstract

Phlebography in the Localization of Incompetent Communicating Veins in Patients With Varicose Veins

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

On the Technique of Phlebography of the Lower Limb

On the Technique of Phlebography of the Lower Limb

Ascending Phlebography in Venous Insufficiency

A Physiological Approach to Peripheral Venous Stasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About