Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania species in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria

Gherbi, Roumaissa; Bounechada, Mustapha; Latrofa, Maria Stefanía; Annoscia, Giada; Tarallo, Viviana Domenica; Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008024

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The same observations were made in the study conducted by Zait and Hamrioui in 2009, who explained that the seasonal effect of leishmaniasis cases was linked to the seasonal dynamics of the vectors and the incubation period of the disease, i.e., the signs of the disease (skin lesions) appear one to two months or more after the infecting bite by female sandflies. In Algeria, sandflies have different peaks of activity, depending on the species and region of interest, with the peak occurring in the summer and autumn [8,9]. This study revealed that the age group most affected was the under10s (200 patients), which is in line with the results of other studies showing that CL lesions mainly affect preschool children [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiological features of leishmaniasis and implications for public health in the eastern region of Morocco

Mouloudi,

Zitouni,

Himi

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania and is transmitted by sand fly bites. The main clinical forms are visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Morocco, leishmaniasis is a public health problem, especially in the eastern region. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in this region and to assess its public health implications. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in the eastern region, covering six years from 2016 to 2021. The data were extracted, completed and cleaned from the leishmaniasis case registry of the Directorate of Epidemiology and Control of Leishmaniasis of the Ministry of Health and then synthesized. The epidemiological results showed that in the eastern region, the majority of cases involved cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (89.45%). These cases are distributed throughout the year, with peaks in autumn (October and November) and winter (January and February). Males are more susceptible than females, with a prevalence of 57% compared to 43%, mainly in the young population (70% of cases are under 40 years of age) and in rural areas (86%). Lesions are mainly found on exposed parts of the body, mainly on the upper limbs (46.51%). Clinically, lesions were most frequently found on the upper limbs (46.51%), followed by the lower limbs (21.39%), the face (15.8%), both the lower and upper limbs (12.09%), the face with the upper limbs (3.2%) and the whole body (0.39%). The results highlight the need to strengthen prophylactic measures, particularly the importance of seasonal surveillance and interventions during the seasonal peaks observed in autumn and winter, given the challenges in rural areas, and the importance of protective measures such as clothing or repellents, including the provision of valuable medical treatment for exposed parts of the body.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiological features of leishmaniasis and implications for public health in the eastern region of Morocco

Mouloudi,

Zitouni,

Himi

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…The factorial plane displays that P. papatasi is the main contributor of the F1 inertia, and its abundance correlates with arid steppe, plains, and foothills, and less frequently with mountains (9.3%). Steppes offer optimal ecological conditions for this species [ 7 , 24 , 38 , 39 ]. Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. longicuspis are the main contributors to the axis 2 inertia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Algeria; Highlight on the Focus of M’Sila

et al. 2021

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Algeria ranks second after Afghanistan for the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) worldwide. Here, we report a 34-years retrospective analysis of CL in Algeria and focused on the most affected region, the M’Sila province. All 66 cutaneous isolates corresponded to Leishmania (L.) major. Our study of the sandfly and rodent fauna further highlighted the high density of Phlebotomus papatasi and additional phlebotomine species of medical importance, not previously identified in M’Sila. Wild rodents belonging to nine species were trapped in M’Sila, and Psammomys obesus and Meriones shawi were found infected by L. major. In addition, Leishmania infantum was isolated from two visceral leishmaniasis cases, one dog and its proven vectors (P. perniciosus, P. longicuspis, and P. perfiliewi) inventoried during the survey. The high incidence of CL in the M’Sila province is likely a consequence of the increase in minimum temperatures recorded that constitutes suitable conditions for establishing a high endemicity and leads to an explosive rise in leishmaniases cases in this region. A thorough investigation of the underlying risk factors is urgently needed to detect new cases earlier. All these would improve the preparedness to fight the disease.

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“…The occurrence (OC) is the ratio of the number of collections where species occur and the total number of collections [27]. This parameter, according to Gherbi et al [28], enables patterns of Culicoides species distribution to be classified into five categories, as follows: (i) sporadic (OC ≤ 20%), (ii) infrequent (OC > 20% but ≤40%), moderate (OC > 40% but ≤60%), frequent (OC > 60% but ≤80%), and constant (OC > 80%). Two diversity indices, Shannon H' index and evenness (E), were estimated for the three habitat types using PAST version 1.81 [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Abundance and Host Blood Meal Analysis of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Cattle Pens in Different Land Use Types from Thailand

Gomontean,

Vaisusuk,

Chatan

et al. 2023

Insects

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Biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille are significant pests and vectors that transmit pathogens to humans and other animals. Cattle are among the important livestock that can potentially be severely affected by Culicoides. In this study, we examined the species diversity, abundance, and host blood meal identification of biting midges in cattle pens located in three different land use types: villages, agricultural areas, and the forest edge. A total of 12,916 biting midges were collected, and most of these were from cattle pens located in villages (34%) and agricultural land (52%). Morphological identification revealed 29 Culicoides species. The most common species were C. oxystoma, C. mahasarakhamense, C. peregrinus, and C. shortti; taken together, these species represented >80% of all specimens collected. Despite midges being less numerous (14% of the total collection), cattle pens located near the forest showed greater diversity (23) than those from villages and agricultural areas. More diverse immature habitats and host blood sources from wildlife in nearby forests possibly explain the greater diversity in the cattle pens near the forest edge. Host blood meal analysis revealed that most (65%) biting midges had fed on buffalo despite the fact that this animal was much less numerous than cows or chickens. Relatively larger size and black-colored skin could be factors that make buffalo more attractive to biting midges than other host species. In this study, we also provided 67 DNA barcoding sequences of 13 species, three of which (C. flaviscutatus, C. geminus, and C. suzukii) were first reported from Thai specimens. DNA barcode analysis indicated cryptic diversity within C. hegneri and C. flavescens in Thailand, and thus, further investigation is required to resolve their species status.

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Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania species in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiological features of leishmaniasis and implications for public health in the eastern region of Morocco

Epidemiological features of leishmaniasis and implications for public health in the eastern region of Morocco

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Algeria; Highlight on the Focus of M’Sila

Diversity, Abundance and Host Blood Meal Analysis of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Cattle Pens in Different Land Use Types from Thailand

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