Phlebotomines study in urban and rural areas in an endemic region of northeastern Brazil

Abstract

This study investigated the prevalence and seasonal variation of phlebotomine sandflies, the vectors responsible for transmitting leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. It provided insights into sandfly distribution and abundance in relation to climatic and ecological factors. The study revealed a higher population of sandflies in the rural area of Utinga, where favorable temperature and rainfall conditions were observed. The correlation between climatic variables and sandfly activity emphasized the importance of monitoring weather forecasts as an early warning system for disease outbreaks. The identification of prevalent species, known leishmaniasis vectors, raised concerns about disease transmission in Rio Largo. Here, we are reporting for the first time in the Alagoas State, the report of four Phlebotomus species: Psychodopygus complexus, Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai, Viannamyia caprina and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. Also, understanding the relationship between climatic factors, ecological conditions, and sandfly presence is crucial for effective vector control and disease prevention strategies. Considering the impact of climate change on ecosystems, it is essential to consider its implications for leishmaniasis epidemiology. This study provides valuable insights into the ecology of phlebotomine sandflies in Rio Largo and highlights the need for integrated approaches to prevent and control leishmaniasis in endemic regions. These findings contribute to parasitology research and inform efforts to combat this vector-borne disease.