Phlebotrophic Effect of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff on Experimental Wistar Hemorrhoids

Abstract

Background : The 1st and 2nd degree hemorrhoids is managed non-operatively with the anti-inflammatory and plebothropic drugs. Graptophyllum pictum extract (GPE) has already been used widely in Indonesia to treat hemorrhoid with good result, however, the mechanism is not supported by the molecular research.Objective : This study is intended to study the phlebothropic effects of GPE by measuring the degree of edema and extravassal leucocytes of experimental wistar hemorrhoid.Methods : Experimental study with Randomized Controlled Trial Post-test only design in male wistar rats, weight around 200 gr, induced for the development of a disease-like condition of hemorrhoids by 6% croton oil on the anus for 3 days. Random allocation was performed to divide the 14 wistar rats in 2 groups. Group I as control got normal saline solution, while group II was treated with GPE 100mg/kgbw, started on day 4th for 5 consecutive days. On 9th day blood was extracted from retroorbital fossa and anus was resected up to 2 cm from anal verge and weighted. The degree of anal edema was measured by rectoanal coefficient, that is rasio between anal weight (miligrams) and body weight (grams).Results : Until the end of study, all wistar rat were still alive. The mean (±SD) of body weight of control group was 173.84 ­(±13.37) and the treatment group was 171.70 (±13.10), and there was no significant differences (p = 0.833). The mean (±SD) of rectoanal coefficient in the treatment group was 2.46 (±0.41) and it was significantly lower than control group (3.13 ± 0.85) (p = 0.029). The mean (±SD) of extravassal leukocytes in the treatment group was 900.14(±48.09) and it was significantly lower than the control (1003.28 ± 99.30) (p = 0.042).Conclusions : Graptophyllum pictum extract at doses of 100 mg/Kgbw have phlebotonic effect in decreased edema and extravassal leukocytes.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. Leaves Ethanolic Extract and Its Nanoformulations: Comparative Study of Phytosome and Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

“…pictum has been used traditionally to treat haemorrhoids [10][11][12]. The GPLE has been proven for its anti-haemorrhoid activity [11,12], and flavonoid compound was presumed to be the active ingredients due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties [12,13,16]. Flavonoids work as phlebotonic agent [32,33], that improve haemorrhoid symptoms [34][35][36][37].…”

“…Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff has been used as traditional medicine as contraceptive, delivery aid; to treat wound swelling, ulcers, abscesses, haemorrhoids [5,6], renal impairments [7], rheumatism, urinary infection, scabies, hepatomegaly, ear diseases and as fertility enhancer [8]. In Indonesia, G. pictum has been used to treat tonsilitis, abscess, rheumatism, breast engorgement, breast abscess [9] and haemorrhoid [10][11][12]. The biological properties of this plant such as anti-haemorrhoid [11,12], analgesic anti-inflammation [13], immunomodulator [14], antioxidant [15,16], anti-plaque [17], oxytocic and anti-implantation [5], antidiabetic activities [18] and nephroprotective effects [6,7] have been scientifically proven.…”

“…In Indonesia, G. pictum has been used to treat tonsilitis, abscess, rheumatism, breast engorgement, breast abscess [9] and haemorrhoid [10][11][12]. The biological properties of this plant such as anti-haemorrhoid [11,12], analgesic anti-inflammation [13], immunomodulator [14], antioxidant [15,16], anti-plaque [17], oxytocic and anti-implantation [5], antidiabetic activities [18] and nephroprotective effects [6,7] have been scientifically proven. In addition, these plant leaves contain various chemical components such as tannin, alkaloid, steroid and glycoside [8], phenol (including flavonoid, anthraquinone) [8,12,13,16], saponin, coumarin and sugar [12,13].…”

Anti-inflammation and anti-platelet aggregation activities of the ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum leaves in Wistar rats

“…Unfortunately, a direct comparison with Tantio (2008) is out of the question because this previous study only used one dose, i.e., 100 mg/kg BW. Even though, the same single dose has been proven to exhibit the effects of phlebotropic drug on hemorrhoids in a Wistar rat model (Hutagalung, 2019).…”

Review : Kajian Etnomedisin, Fitokimia, Dan Farmakologi Dari Tanaman Obat Untuk Wasir

“…Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar TNF-α dan IL-6 dalam darah secara signifikan pada tikus yang diberi ekstrak dosis 100mg/kgBB (Azeemuddin et al, 2014). Penelitian tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan untuk daun ungu sebagai agen phlebotonik dan efektif dalam mengurangi kebocoran vaskular dengan mengukur jumlah leukosit ekstravasal serta derajat edema perianal (Hutagalung et al, 2019).…”