Phlegmasia cerulea dolens: A rare case report

Abootalebi, Alireza; Salemi, Mohsen; Heidari, Farhad; Meibody, Azita Azimi

doi:10.4103/abr.abr_3_20

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is believed that disability is a multidimensional concept that includes objective and subjective factors and considers the individual's understanding of the quality of life in important aspects. Also, individual and social support interventions in dealing with challenging situations can affect a person's perception of the extent of his or her disability [22]. Therefore, in justifying why the high level of athlete in the present study did not cause extensive upper disabilities, it can be assumed that mental factors and efforts to improve quality of life in influencing her inference of her disability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparison of Upper Limb Disability in Overhead Women Athletes of Handball, Volleyball, Softball, and Swimming

Arabi

Nazemzadegan

2021

PTJ

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Purpose: The shoulder joint is one of the most commonly injured joints in sports and may lead to disability, especially in the upper extremities of overhead players (handball, volleyball, softball, and swimming). Methods: This research is a causal-comparative study. After the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Tehran, this study was conducted on 120 overhead athletes (Mean±SD height: 1.69±0.07 m, Mean±SD weight: 63.54±7.79 kg, Mean±SD age: 21.96±2.94 years, Mean±SD body mass index: 22.11±2.32 kg/m2). The inclusion criteria were elite female players in overhead sports with at least three years of experience in one of these sports (handball, volleyball, softball, and swimming). Samples with a history of surgery or cervical nerve problems, fractures in the shoulder area, and inflammatory joint disease were excluded from the study. The demographic information was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire was used to measure the degree of upper limb disability in daily activities. Results: In comparison between the study groups, a significant difference was observed between the dependent variable (DASH) and the research groups (F=6.067, df=3, P=0.002, Eta=0.342). Using the Bonferroni post hoc tests, the difference between volleyball and softball (P=0.44), volleyball and swimming (P=0.009), and handball and swimming players (P=0.022) were reported. In the next step, BMI characteristics, weekly training hours, and the number of training sessions per week were entered into the data analysis process as covariate variables (F=8.099, df=0.3, P=0.000, Eta=0.432). The Bonferroni post hoc test indicates the difference between volleyball and swimming athletes (P=0.001) and handball and swimming (P=0.002). Conclusion: The present study results indicate a high rate of upper limb disability in elite women athletes. The present study results showed no difference between volleyball and handball due to the nature of these two disciplines and handball, softball, and swimming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparison of Upper Limb Disability in Overhead Women Athletes of Handball, Volleyball, Softball, and Swimming

Arabi

Nazemzadegan

2021

PTJ

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“…and further gangrene formation, which can cause limb loss and even mortality. Reported mortality rates range from 20% to 41% and amputation rates range from 12% to 50% [4] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens complicated with iliac vein perforation

2023

IJCR

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Case ReportIJCR (2023) 7:287A rare case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens complicated with iliac vein perforationVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major healthcare problem in the world. It includes pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare but potentially life-threatening severe form of acute DVT, which is characterized by marked swelling of the extremities with pain and cyanosis, and further leads to arterial ischemia due to venous hypertension and compartment syndrome, and ultimately cause gangrene with high amputation and mortality rates. However, there was rare case reported about PCD complicated with venous perforation. Herein, we report a scarce case of left iliofemoral DVT suffering from iliac vein perforation with extraperitoneal hematoma. Although this case treated by iliac vein stenting with cover stent and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (EKOS). Patient still finally received below the knee amputation due to reperfusion injury over distal foot despite great improved venous blood flow. Our case should be the first case of PCD complicated with venous perforation. This rare case reminds physicians that venous perforation is a possible complication of PCD and may lead to poor outcome. Early hemostasis by stenting and performing thrombectomy treatment as soon as possible is suggested to save the life and limb.

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“…The majority of cases involve the lower extremities, with the left limb more commonly involved than the right due to the anatomical relationship between the right iliac artery overlying the left iliac vein; however, it is not uncommon for both lower extremities to be involved [ 3 ]. Cancer is the most common aetiology; advanced age, hypercoagulable states, contraceptives, trauma, venous stasis and immobilisation are other contributing factors [ 4 - 5 ]. Venous outflow obstruction causes venous hypertension that leads to increasing interstitial oedema and massive fluid sequestration into the limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens, a Deadly Complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of Literature

Ibrahim¹,

Kattimani²

2021

Cureus

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Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare limb and life-threatening condition caused by extensive deep vein thrombosis of the extremities, and it is classically associated with extensive oedema, severe pain, and skin mottling, which may lead to compartment syndrome, venous gangrene, and even death.A 40-year-old male, with a background history of right femoral vein thrombosis, cardiomyopathy, with an ejection fraction of only 10%, presented with three days history of progressive swelling, pain, and discolouration of the right lower limb. He was treated with therapeutic low molecular weight heparin along with supportive care with intravenous fluids and pain relief. In view of his poor ejection fraction, he was treated non-operatively with supportive care. The patient succumbed after three months of presentation. PCD is a rare vascular emergency condition that if not recognized early and treated aggressively may lead to higher morbidity and mortality.

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Phlegmasia cerulea dolens: A rare case report

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Comparison of Upper Limb Disability in Overhead Women Athletes of Handball, Volleyball, Softball, and Swimming

Comparison of Upper Limb Disability in Overhead Women Athletes of Handball, Volleyball, Softball, and Swimming

A rare case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens complicated with iliac vein perforation

Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens, a Deadly Complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of Literature

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