Phloem Degeneration in Gramineae Affected by the Barley Yellow‐dwarf Virus

Esau, Katherine

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1957.tb08237.x

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Microscopical studies revealed phloem degeneration in leaves of BYDV-infected host plants very early after virus infection (Esau, 1957). Impairment of phloem functions may result in reduced translocation, leading to accumulation of photosynthates in leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions Between Barley yellow dwarf virus and Fusarium spp. Affecting Development of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Liu

Buchenauer

2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Interactions between Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Fusarium species causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in winter wheat cvs Agent (susceptible to FHB) and Petrus (moderately resistant to FHB) were studied over three years (2001)(2002)(2003) in outdoor pot experiments. FHB developed more rapidly in cv. Agent than in cv. Petrus. The spread of FHB was greater in BYDV-infected plants than in BYDV-free plants. Thousand grain weight (TGW) was reduced more in Fusarium-infected heads of cv. Agent than in cv. Petrus. A highly significant negative correlation was found between disease index and TGW in cv. Agent (r = )0.916), while in cv. Petrus the correlation was less significant (r = )0.765). Virus infection reduced TGW in cv. Petrus more than in cv. Agent. In plants with both infections, TGW reductions in cv. Petrus corresponded to those of BYDV infection, and in cv. Agent TGW was more diminished than in BYDV infection. Effects of different treatments determined over three years on ergosterol contents in grain were generally similar to effects on disease indices. Grain weight per ear and ear weight of the different treatments of both cultivars largely corresponded with the TGW results. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain of cv. Agent infected with Fusarium spp. was 11-25 times higher compared to the corresponding treatments in cv. Petrus. The DON content in grain of plants of the two cultivars infected with both pathogens was higher than that of plants infected only with Fusarium over the three years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions Between Barley yellow dwarf virus and Fusarium spp. Affecting Development of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Liu

Buchenauer

2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Within the plant tissue, YDV is phloem‐limited (Esau, 1957; Jensen, 1969), although occasional secondary infection of adjacent vascular tissue (xylem and parenchyma) has been observed after necrosis of neighbouring phloem cells (Esau, 1957). Viral particles reduce meristematic activity in the vascular tissue of infected plants (Esau, 1957), which can disrupt differentiation and development of cellular organelles in infected phloem cells (Jensen, 1969), resulting in stunted growth and eventual necrosis of infected cells (Esau, 1957), culminating in the symptoms detailed in Table 1. Persistent infestation with virus‐carrying vectors can increase the severity of disease observed (Liang et al., 2019).…”

Section: Yellow Dwarf Virus and Yellow Dwarf Disease: A Brief Introdu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How does vector diversity influence the transmission efficiency of yellow dwarf virus? Perspectives from a review

Leybourne

2024

Plant Pathology

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Cereals are some of the most important global crops that contribute directly and indirectly to the production of food for human consumption. Cereal aphids can cause significant damage to wheat, barley and oats, particularly via the transmission of plant viruses that cause devastating plant diseases, such as yellow dwarf disease. High levels of yellow dwarf disease can result in yield losses of around 20%, rising to 80% if infection is severe. Yellow dwarf disease is caused by multiple viruses, including viruses within the families Tombusviridae and Solemoviridae. These include yellow dwarf virus species within the genus Luteovirus (Barley yellow dwarf virus) and Polerovirus (Cereal yellow dwarf virus, Wheat yellow dwarf virus, Maize yellow dwarf virus). Some yellow dwarf virus species are primarily vectored by one aphid species whereas others can be transmitted by multiple vectors. Biological diversity within a given vector species (e.g., genotype, biotype) can influence virus transmission efficiency. However, it is unclear what biological factors drive this variation within a given vector species. Understanding how biological variation in vector populations influences virus transmission efficiency can help to identify biological traits that underpin successful transmission in competent vector populations. Here, the available literature on yellow dwarf virus transmission efficiency is synthesized and significant variation in yellow dwarf virus transmission efficiency is detected between different populations for several vector species. Three biological mechanisms that potentially underpin this variation are proposed.

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“…It is unclear as to why VPI of BYDV or CYDV should be problematic, although previous attempts at VPI with these viruses also have been unsuccessful (J. Anderson, personal communication). It is worth noting that small accumulations of BYDV may be found in immature phloem (Gill and Chong 1975), but direct necrosis of phloem tissues occurs following what initially appears to be normal differentiation and development of those tissues (Esau 1957). In contrast, OBDV appears to replicate well in immature phloem and induces hyperplasia prior to development of any necrosis within the phloem (Zeyen and Banttari 1972).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Linear-motion tattoo machine and prefabricated needle sets for the delivery of plant viruses by vascular puncture inoculation

Weiland

Edwards

2011

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) of plant viruses previously has been conducted either manually or by use of a commercial engraving tool and laboratory-fabricated needle arrays. In an effort to improve this technique, a linear-motion tattoo machine driving industry-standard needle arrays was tested as a means of delivering plant viruses into maize and small grain seed embryos. The new method was applied in the successful transmission of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), the type member of the genus Marafivirus, from an archived sample to maize. Subsequent transfer of MRFV from the sap of an infected plant using the method produced an average infection rate in maize of 70% (range 39-93%). Maize, oat, and triticale were successfully infected with oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) using the method; similar infection rates were observed between maize seeds inoculated with the tattoo machine and those inoculated with the engraving machine when using prefabricated needle arrays. No infection was obtained in repeated tests with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) or cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV) using either sap or RNA from infectious cloned cDNA. Replacement of the original engraving-tool with a linear-motion tattoo machine in VPI provides greater flexibility and convenience in a quiet, readily-available instrument, while improving reproducibility through the use of prefabricated needle arrays.

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Phloem Degeneration in Gramineae Affected by the Barley Yellow‐dwarf Virus

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Interactions Between Barley yellow dwarf virus and Fusarium spp. Affecting Development of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Interactions Between Barley yellow dwarf virus and Fusarium spp. Affecting Development of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

How does vector diversity influence the transmission efficiency of yellow dwarf virus? Perspectives from a review

Linear-motion tattoo machine and prefabricated needle sets for the delivery of plant viruses by vascular puncture inoculation

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