Phocoenoides and Lagenorhynchus in Japan, with Notes on Hunting

Wilke, Ford; Taniwaki, Takeshi; Kuroda, Nagahisa

doi:10.2307/1375863

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Phocaena spinipinnis and dioptrica may have been isolated on either side of southern South America at a time of lower sea temperatures, after which spinipinnis invaded the Atlantic. At least three closely related species pairs with adjacent and partly overlapping ranges, Mesoplodon mirus and gervaisi, Lagenorhynchus acutus and albirostris, and Phocaenoides dalli and truei, appear to be separated by different sea temperature associations (Moore and Wood, 1957;Sergeant and Fisher, 1957;Wilke, Taniwaki, and Kuroda, 1953). All other species groups in Berardius, Hyperoodon, Lagenorhynchus, Globicephala, Lissodelphis, Phocaena, and Eubalaena obviously owe differentiation to the antitropical factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

Davies¹

1963

Evolution

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

Davies¹

1963

Evolution

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“…Measurements are listed in Online Resource 4. Thirty-two genera and 59 species representing all 12 or 13 families of extant Cetacea are included (Lipotes vexillifer, possibly extinct, is not represented), with measurements drawn from Enders (1942), Wilke et al (1953), Houck (1961), Kenyon (1961), Pilleri (1969a, 1969b), Harrison and Brownell (1971), Pilleri and Gihr (1971), Kasuya (1972), Kamiya and Yamasaki (1974), Bigg and Wolman (1975), Lockyer (1976), Tiexeira (1979), Forrester et al (1980), Miyazaki et al (1981), Nagorsen and Steward (1983), Omura et al (1984), Robineau and Buffrenil (1985), Brownell et al (1987), Viikingsson et al (1988), André et al (1990), Cockcroft and Ross (1990), Camphuysen et al (2008), Mikhalev and Budylenko (2012), and a U. S. National Museum database (USNM 2014). Regression of log 10 body weight on log 10 body length for the 1711 extant individuals is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Whole Body Weight From Body Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Weight and Relative Brain Size (Encephalization) in Eocene Archaeoceti (Cetacea)

Gingerich

2015

J Mammal Evol

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Calibration of the Brownian diffusion model of Felsenstein indicates that phylogeny may have an influence on body length and other phenotypic measures in Cetacea for as many as 10,000 generations or about 180,000 years, which is negligible in the 35 million year history of extant Cetacea. Observations of phenotypic traits in cetacean species living today are independent of phylogeny and independent statistically. Four methods for estimating body weight in fossil cetaceans are compared: (1) median serial regression involving a set of multiple regressions of log body weight on log centrum length, width, and height for core vertebrae; (2) regression of log whole body weight on log body length for individuals; (3) regression of log whole body weight on log body length for species means; and (4) regression of log lean body weight on log body length for individuals. These yield body weight estimates for the Eocene archaeocete Dorudon atrox of 1126, 1118, 1132, and 847 kg, respectively, with consistency and applicability to partial skeletons favoring the first approach. The whole-body weight expected, P e (in kg), for a given body length, L i (in cm), is given by log 10 P e =2.784 • log 10 L i − 4.429. Negative allometry of body weight and body length (slope 2.784<3.000) means that small cetaceans are shorter and more maneuverable than expected for their weight, while large cetaceans are longer and more efficient energetically than expected for their weight. Encephalization is necessarily quantified relative to a reference sample, most mammals are terrestrial, and terrestrial mammals provide a logical baseline. The encephalization residual for living terrestrial mammals as a class (ER TC ), is the difference between observed log 2 brain weight (E i in g) and expected log 2 brain weight (E e in g), where the latter is estimated from body weight (P i in g), as log 2 E e =0.740 • log 2 P i −4.004. ER TC is positive for brains that are larger than expected for a given body size, and negative for brains that are smaller than expected. Base-2 logarithms make the ER TC scale intuitive, in uniform units of halving or doubling. Encephalization quotients (EQ) are unsuitable for comparison because they are proportions on a nonuniform scale. Middle Eocene archaeocetes have ER TC values close to −2 (two halvings compared to expectation), while late Eocene archaeocetes have ER TC values close to −1 (one halving compared to expectation). ER TC is not known for fossil mysticetes, but living mysticetes have ER TC values averaging about −2. Oligocene-Recent odontocetes appear to have ER TC values averaging about +1 (one doubling compared to expectation) through their temporal range. Definitive interpretation of the evolution of encephalization in Cetacea will require better documentation for Oligocene-Recent mysticetes and odontocetes.

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“…Dall's porpoises in offshore regions feed on mesopelagic fishes and squids, but those in nearshore waters feed on various prey common to the continental shelves (Walker 1996). Dall's porpoises in the northwestern North Pacific feed primarily on myctophid fishes and gonatid squids (Wilke et al 1953, Wilke & Nicholson 1958, Kuramochi et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey switching of Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli with population decline of Japanese pilchard Sardinops melanostictus around Hokkaido, Japan

Ohizumi¹,

Kuramochi²,

Amano³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The stomach contents of 150 Dall's porpoises collected during 6 surveys in the Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk around Hokkaido in 1988 to 1996 were examined. A total of 49 prey types, including 29 species, were identified. Epipelagic prey items were found in samples collected during midday, and mesopelagic and some benthopelagic prey species were found in samples collected in the morning. Although the size range of prey was great, most prey were small. The dominant prey species switched in both seas from the late 1980s to the early 1990s as the Sardinops melanostictus (Japanese pilchard) populations in the both seas declined. In the Sea of Japan, the diet of Dall's porpoises switched to ~heragra chalcogramma (walleye pollock), and in the Sea of Okhotsk, their diet switched to Engraulis japonicus (Japanese anchovy) and Berryteuthis magister (magistrate armhook squid). The utilization of new prey species did not always coincide with the fluctuation in catch statistics for the prey in local fisheries. Dall's porpoises fed on many benthopelagic prey species when epipelagic prey species were not available, suggesting that epipelagic prey species are the preferred prey. The vertical distribution of prey presumably affects prey selection.

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Phocoenoides and Lagenorhynchus in Japan, with Notes on Hunting

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

Body Weight and Relative Brain Size (Encephalization) in Eocene Archaeoceti (Cetacea)

Prey switching of Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli with population decline of Japanese pilchard Sardinops melanostictus around Hokkaido, Japan

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