Phone App to Perform Quality Control of Pesticide Spray Applications in Field Crops

Nansen, Christian; Villar, Gabriel Del; Alvarado, Elvis; Chennapragada, Krishna

doi:10.3390/agriculture11100916

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We observed markedly lower nymph emergence from no-choice compared to twochoice bioassays. This important result is not surprising, but it underscores the importance of insecticide spray coverage [38]. That is, low and inconsistent spray coverages with contact insecticides present insect pest females with a "choice" between treated and untreated (high-and low-risk) oviposition sites.…”

Section: Oviposition and Nymph Emergence In Response To Hosts And Riskmentioning

confidence: 90%

Can Insects Assess Environmental Risk? Movement Responses and Nymph Emergence in Response to Insecticides

et al. 2023

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In natural habitats, there is a strong evolutionary selection pressure on herbivorous insects to avoid danger and choose suitable host plants. Similar selection pressures may drive movement and choices of oviposition hosts by herbivorous insects living in agricultural cropping systems, in which insecticides are often used. In this study, we quantified movement responses and nymph emergence (collectively referred to as bio-responses) of western-tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae)) individuals when exposed to environments associated with a perceived “risk” (experimental insecticide treatments and their corresponding controls). We introduce a novel analytical approach in which treatments (risk environments) are ranked in ascending order based on bio-responses (movement or nymph emergence). Consequently, linear regression coefficients were generated and used to interpret bio-responses of Lygus individuals in different life stages to risk environments. Initially, we predicted movement by Lygus individuals to be positively associated with environmental risk and nymph emergence to be negatively associated with environmental risk. Overall, based on a comprehensive combination of no- and two-choice bioassays, we found that: (1) In no-choice bioassays, movement parameters (both total distance moved and movement percentage) by all three life stages were lowest in low-risk environments and highest when Lygus individuals were exposed to either malathion or Grandevo. Accordingly, environments involving malathion or Grandevo were considered high-risk. (2) No-choice movement bioassays also revealed that Lygus males moved significantly more (based on comparison of regression intercepts) than other life stages, and that they responded significantly more (based on comparison of regression slopes) than conspecific females and nymphs. (3) In two-choice movement bioassays, neem elicited the most consistent movement responses by Lygus individuals, and adult life stages showed the strongest response. Two-choice movement bioassays also revealed that Lygus adults, compared to nymphs, were more likely to spend time in low-risk areas of the test arenas. (4) Nymph emergence was markedly lower in no-choice compared to two-choice bioassays, and in two-choice bioassays, Grandevo and malathion elicited especially biased nymph emergence from low-risk beans. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which movement bioassays have been used to quantify and characterize behavioral responses by Lygus life stages to environments associated with varying degrees of risk. The novel analytical approach presented in this study provides a high degree of complementarity to more traditional performance-testing methods used to evaluate responses to insecticides. Furthermore, we believe that this analytical approach can be of considerable relevance to studies of animal phenomics and behavioral studies of animals more broadly, in which adaptation and fitness parameters are examined in response to environmental risk and heterogeneity.

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Section: Oviposition and Nymph Emergence In Response To Hosts And Riskmentioning

confidence: 90%

Can Insects Assess Environmental Risk? Movement Responses and Nymph Emergence in Response to Insecticides

et al. 2023

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“…Based purely on genetics, a given insecticide may be expected to kill 100% of homozygous susceptible individuals. However, some survival of these insect pest individuals could be attributed to factors accounting for low and incomplete spray coverage of contact insecticides [31,32] and/or sublethal and non-uniform concentration of systemic insecticides in portions of crop canopies [33]. In this theoretical scenario, the total pest population reaches 80% of carrying capacity after about 11 generations, and this coincides with the resistance allele frequency reaching 50%.…”

Section: How To Use the Interactive Teaching Toolmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Interactive Teaching Tool Describing Resistance Evolution and Basic Economics of Insecticide-Based Pest Management

Nansen

2022

Insects

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Effective teaching of complex concepts relies heavily on the ability to establish relevance of topics and to engage students in a constructive dialogue. To connect students with abstract concepts and basic theory, instructors foster and facilitate an engaging teaching environment. Population modeling is a cornerstone in applied entomology. However, it is also a topic and skill set that requires both basic mathematical and biological knowledge, and it may be perceived by students as being abstract and exceedingly theoretical. As a way to introduce entomology students at both that undergraduate and graduate levels to hands-on experience with population modeling, a well-established and widely used deterministic genetic population model is presented as an interactive teaching tool. Moreover, the general model describes three genotypes (SS = homozygous susceptible, SR = heterozygous, and RR = homozygous resistant) during 30 discrete and univoltine generations under a shared population density dependence (carrying capacity). Based on user inputs for each genotype (survival, fitness cost, reproductive rate, emigration, and immigration) and an initial resistance allele frequency, model outputs related to resistance evolution are produced. User inputs related to insecticide-based pest management (pest density action threshold, crop damage rate, insecticide treatment costs, and profit potential) can also be introduced to examine and interpret the basic economic effects of different insect pest management scenarios. The proposed model of resistance evolution and basic economics of pest management relies on a large number of important simplifications, so it may only have limited ability to predict the outcomes of real-world (commercial) scenarios. However, as a teaching tool and to introduce students to a well-known and widely used genetic population model structure, the interactive teaching tool is believed to have considerable utility and relevance.

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“…Lewis e Hamby (2020) observed that optimizing coverage is a crucial component of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) pest management. Nansen et al (2021) reported that inconsistent and low coverage is particularly concerning when contact insecticides are applied. Greater coverage increases the likelihood of contact between the target and the product.…”

Section: Droplet Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft for Agricultural Spraying in Corn Cultivation in the Brazilian Savannah

Lopes,

Cunha,

Nomelini

2023

JSD

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This study aimed to evaluate the quality of application using both RPA and ground techniques in corn cultivation using different spray nozzles in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions. The treatments involved two methods of application: aerial (RPA, 10 L ha-1) and ground (backpack sprayer, 100 L ha-1); and two types of nozzles: the standard flat fan nozzle XR 11001 and the air induction flat fan nozzle AirMix 11001. To study the quality of the application, the deposition was evaluated using a tracer and spectrophotometry, and the droplet spectrum, evaluated through the analysis of water-sensitive paper. Furthermore, a study on application quality was conducted using the Statistical Process Control methodology. The results demonstrated that with RPA, the deposition was higher, and the AirMix 11001 nozzle also stood out in this variable. No non-random behavior was observed in the deposition. Ground application showed the best performance in terms of target coverage and droplet density. The XR 11001 nozzle resulted in a higher droplet density. Overall, the XR11001 nozzle and the RPA application showed smaller volume median diameters (VMDs), indicating a higher potential for drift, which should be taken into account. Given the results obtained, it can be stated that the use of RPAs for agricultural spraying is viable for application.

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Phone App to Perform Quality Control of Pesticide Spray Applications in Field Crops

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Can Insects Assess Environmental Risk? Movement Responses and Nymph Emergence in Response to Insecticides

Can Insects Assess Environmental Risk? Movement Responses and Nymph Emergence in Response to Insecticides

An Interactive Teaching Tool Describing Resistance Evolution and Basic Economics of Insecticide-Based Pest Management

Evaluation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft for Agricultural Spraying in Corn Cultivation in the Brazilian Savannah

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