Phoneme errors in Broca's aphasia: Three Finnish cases

Phonology: A Review and Proposals from a Connectionist Perspective

“…In the substitution of one phoneme for another, the change tends to involve a minimum number of distinctive features, usually one or two, rarely more than three (Blumstein, 1973b;Burns & Canter, 1977;Caramazza, Miceli, & Villa, 1986;Green, 1969;Keller, 1978;Klich, Ireland, & Weidner, 1979;La Pointe & Johns, 1975;Lecours & Lhermitte, 1969;MacKay, 1970;Niemi & Koivuselkä-Sallinen, 1985;Poncet, Degos, DeLoche, & Lecours, 1972;Shinn & Blumstein, 1983;Valdois et al, 1988). Blumstein (1973b) found that this principle applies equally to all types of perisylvian aphasia, and several investigators have noted it in slip-of-the-tongue errors (MacKay, 1970;Stemberger, 1982;van den Broecke & Goldstein, 1980).…”

“…The particular difficulty that aphasic patients have with fricatives and affricates could be construed in terms of a loss of markedness. In more recent studies, reduction in markedness has been observed in Broca's aphasia (Ireland, Klich, & Panagos, 1977;Klich, Ireland, & Weidner, 1979;Marquardt, Reinhart, & Peterson, 1979;Niemi & Koivuselkä-Sallinen, 1985) but not conduction aphasia (Kohn & Smith, 1990;Nespoulous et al, 1984;Poncet et al, 1972), presumably because markedness effects occur only in the final stages of phonemic selection, when the period of influence by the structure of which the phoneme is a part (e.g., syllable and word; see below) has largely passed and only the properties of the phoneme itself remain to influence phonemic selection (see also MacNeilage, 1982, for similar conclusions arrived at from a somewhat different approach). Markedness effects are not evident in consonant slip-of-the-tongue errors in normal subjects (Shattuck-Hufnagel & Klatt, 1979), suggesting that markedness plays a role in phoneme selection only when there is damage to precentral perisylvian cortex supporting the translation of phonemes into motor programs, a process which seems to implicitly define distinctive features along the way.…”

“…Substitution errors are more common than other nonenvironmental errors, and they tend to be relatively more common in aphasic language than in slip-of-the-tongue corpora (Caramazza, Miceli, & Villa, 1986;Halpern, Keith, & Darley, 1976;Niemi & Koivuselkä-Sallinen, 1985;Poncet, Degos, DeLoche, & Lecours, 1972;Valdois, Joanette, Nespoulous, & Poncet, 1988;Wilshire, 1998). Several major studies of phonemic selection errors in aphasic patients have yielded a wealth of data on the phenomenological principles that govern such errors.…”

Constraints Ranking among Bilingual Nigerian Adult Aphasics

“…Such ranking has some consequences on Universal Grammar (UG). Aphasiology has concentrated mainly on first language speakers, particularly English and some other European languages (Bouhman and Grumbaum 1925;Goldstein, 1948;Luria 1966;Lecours and Lhermitte 1969;Goodglass et al, 1972;Blumstein 1973;Peuser and Fittschen, 1977;Goodglass and Kaplan, 1983;and Niemi, et al, 1985). It is recently that bilingual aphasics are receiving attention of linguists.…”

Segmental Phonology of Bilingual Nigerian Adult Wernicke’s Aphasics

“…What exist mainly are works on first language aphasics (such as Bouhman and Grumbaum, 1925;Goldstein, 1948;Luria 1966;Jakobson, 1968Jakobson, , 1971Lecours and Lhermitte 1969;Green 1969;Goodglass et al, 1972;Zurif et al 1972;Blumstein 1973;Caramazza and Zurif 1976;Peuser and Fittschen, 1977;Goodglass and Kaplan,1983;Niemi, et al 1985. Not only this, there is virtually no attention devoted to the language of Nigerian aphasics (Congress on Child Language and Communication Disorders, 2006).…”