“…The question then arises about the existence of modal-dependent or amodal lexical representation of L2 words, as this debate has not yet been decided in L1 (see, for L1 French, Sauval, Perre & Casalis, 2018; see, for L1 English, Balota, Watson, Duchek & Ferraro, 1999). Indeed, in L2, especially among intermediate proficiency bilinguals, the access to the lexical representation of new words does not seem to be effective without taking modality into account, resulting in a modality effect in favour of the written one.…”