Phonological agraphia

Roeltgen, David P.; Sevush, Steven; Heilman, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1212/wnl.33.6.755

Cited by 166 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Detailed psycholinguistic analysis based on the symptoms and lesion sites suggest that kanji-selective agraphia arises from an impaired access to visual graphic kanji images stored in long-term memory. This writing disorder is thought to be analogous to the lexical agraphia seen in Western languages (Roeltgen et al, 1983;Roeltgen and Heilman, 1984). Our findings complement the conventional view from lesion and fMRI studies that this area participates in the processing of kanji writing through orthographic retrieval, even with no accompanying overt motor execution (Soma et al, 1989;Nakamura et al, 2000).…”

Section: Functional Role Of the Left Pitc In Kanji Writingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Later, another type of agraphia was described: damage to the junction of the left angular gyrus and the parieto-occipital lobule produces lexical agraphia. This damage is attributable to a disruption in the whole-word retrieval system necessary to read orthographically irregular words (Roeltgen et al, 1983;Roeltgen and Heilman, 1984;Roeltgen, 1993). The study of functional differences in left hemisphere writing systems has thus, as yet, been based solely on studies of Western languages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient Functional Suppression and Facilitation of Japanese Ideogram Writing Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex

et al. 2006

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The Japanese writing system is unique in that it is composed of two different orthographies: kanji (morphograms) and kana (syllabograms). The retrieval of the visual orthographic representations of Japanese kanji is crucial to the process of writing in Japanese. We used low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to clarify the functional relevance of the left and right posterior inferior temporal cortex (PITC) to this process in native Japanese speakers. The experimental paradigms included the mental recall of kanji, kana-to-kanji transcription, semantic judgment, oral reading, and copying of kana and kanji. The first two tasks require the visualization of the kanji image of the word. We applied 0.9 Hz rTMS (600 total pulses) over individually determined left or right PITC to suppress cortical activity and measured subsequent task performance. In the mental recall of kanji and kana-to-kanji transcription, rTMS over the left PITC prolonged reaction times (RTs), whereas rTMS over the right PITC reduced RTs. In the other tasks, which do not involve the mental visualization of kanji, rTMS over the left or right PITC had no effect on performance. These results suggest that the left PITC is crucial for the retrieval of the visual graphic representation of kanji. Furthermore, the right PITC may work to suppress the dominant left PITC in the neural network for kanji writing, which involves visual word recognition.

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Section: Functional Role Of the Left Pitc In Kanji Writingsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Functional Suppression and Facilitation of Japanese Ideogram Writing Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex

et al. 2006

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“…Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia are written language disorders characterized by a disproportionate difficulty in processing non-words compared to real words, giving rise to an exaggerated lexicality effect in reading and spelling Dérouesné and Beauvois, 1979;Coltheart, 1996;Shallice, 1981;Roeltgen et al, 1983;Henry et al, 2007). Within the framework of dual-route models (Ellis, 1982;Patterson and Shewell, 1987;Ellis and Young, 1988;Shallice, 1988;Coltheart et al, 2001), these syndromes have been interpreted to reflect the selective breakdown of sublexical phoneme-grapheme conversion mechanisms with relative preservation of lexical-semantic procedures for reading and spelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there appears to be an association between phonological dyslexia/dysgraphia and damage to perisylvian cortical regions implicated in phonological processing, attempts to determine the critical lesion site have produced inconsistent and contradictory results. For instance, it has been suggested that posterior perisylvian lesions centering on the supramarginal gyrus may be the critical neural substrate of phonological dysgraphia (Roeltgen et al, 1983;Roeltgen and Heilman, 1984). However, this syndrome has also been described in patients with damage limited to anterior perisylvian cortical regions, including the frontal operculum/ precentral gyrus and insula (Marien et al, 2001;Rapcsak and Beeson, 2002;Henry et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia: Cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates

Rapcsak

Beeson

Henry

et al. 2009

Cortex

184

155

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To examine the validity of different theoretical assumptions about the neuropsychological mechanisms and lesion correlates of phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia, we studied written and spoken language performance in a large cohort of patients with focal damage to perisylvian cortical regions implicated in phonological processing. Despite considerable variation in accuracy for both words and non-words, the majority of participants demonstrated the increased lexicality effects in reading and spelling that are considered the hallmark features of phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia. Increased lexicality effects were also documented in spoken language tasks such as oral repetition, and patients performed poorly on a battery of phonological tests that did not involve an orthographic component. Furthermore, a composite measure of general phonological ability was strongly predictive of both reading and spelling accuracy, and we obtained evidence that the continuum of severity that characterized the written language disorder of our patients was attributable to an underlying continuum of phonological impairment. Although patients demonstrated qualitatively similar deficits across measures of written and spoken language processing, there were quantitative differences in levels of performance reflecting task difficulty effects. Spelling was more severely affected than reading by the reduction in phonological capacity and this differential vulnerability accounted for occasional disparities between patterns of impairment on the two written language tasks. Our findings suggest that phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in patients with perisylvian lesions are manifestations of a central or modality-independent phonological deficit rather than the result of damage to cognitive components dedicated to reading or spelling. Our results also provide empirical support for shared-components models of written language processing, according to which the same central cognitive systems support both reading and spelling. Lesiondeficit correlations indicated that phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia may be produced by damage to a variety of perisylvian cortical regions, consistent with distributed network models of phonological processing.

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“…In brief, semantic processing is thought to engage anterior and inferolateral temporal regions (BA 38,20,21) as well as inferior prefrontal cortex (BA 47), and the angular gyrus (BA 39;Binder & Price, 2001;Mummery et al, 2000;Vandenberghe et al, 1996). The phonological codes involved in spelling rely on a network of perisylvian cortical regions, including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the supramarginal gyrus, and insula (Alexander et al, 1992;Fiez, 1997;Omura et al, 2004;Roeltgen et al, 1983). Orthographic knowledge of lexical representations for reading and spelling is thought to engage a critical region within temporo-occipital cortex (BA 37), sometimes referred to as the visual word form area (Beeson et al, 2003b;Cohen & Dehaene, 2004;Nakamura et al, 2002;Rapcsak & Beeson, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining treatment for written and spoken naming

Beeson

Egnor

2006

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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Individuals with left-hemisphere damage often have concomitant impairment of spoken and written language. Whereas some treatment studies have shown that reading paired with spoken naming can benefit both language modalities, little systematic research has been directed toward the treatment of spelling combined with spoken naming. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of pairing a lexical spelling treatment referred to as Copy and Recall Treatment (CART) with verbal repetition of target words. This approach (CART + Repetition) was compared with treatment using verbal repetition without the inclusion of orthographic training (Repetition Only). Two individuals with moderate aphasia and severe impairment of spelling participated in the study using a multiple baseline design across stimulus sets and treatment conditions. Both participants improved spelling of targeted words as well as spoken naming of those items, but improvement in spoken naming was marked for one individual in the CART + Repetition condition, while the other participant made smaller gains in spoken than written naming irrespective of treatment condition. Consideration of the participant profiles suggested that CART + Repetition provides greater benefit when there is some residual phonological ability and the treatment serves to stimulate links between orthography and phonology.

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Phonological agraphia

Cited by 166 publications

References 0 publications

Transient Functional Suppression and Facilitation of Japanese Ideogram Writing Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex

Transient Functional Suppression and Facilitation of Japanese Ideogram Writing Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex

Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia: Cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates

Combining treatment for written and spoken naming

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