Phonon‐Assisted Electro‐Optical Switches and Logic Gates Based on Semiconductor Nanostructures

Shan, Zhengping; Hu, Xuelu; Wang, Xiao; Tan, Qin; Yang, Xin; Li, Yunyun; Liu, Huawei; Wang, Xiaoxia; Huang, Wei; Zhu, Xiaoli; Zhuang, Xiujuan; Sun, Yujia; Ma, Libo; Zhang, Jun; Schmidt, Oliver G.; Agarwal, Ritesh; Pan, Anlian

doi:10.1002/adma.201901263

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Next, by applying an increased bias voltage, the NR spectral profile undergoes several noticeable evolutions; that is, the PL shows a progressive shift toward longer wavelength, accompanied by a gradually reduced emission intensity and broadened line width, as shown in Figure d. Furthermore, periodic undulation with energy spacing about 37 meV becomes apparent at high E , implying a field-boosted LO phonon scattering process . The corresponding normalized PL intensity mapping is presented in Figure e, showing a maximal wavelength shift about 20 nm, i .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, periodic undulation with energy spacing about 37 meV becomes apparent at high E, implying a field-boosted LO phonon scattering process. 46 The corresponding normalized PL intensity mapping is presented in Figure 1e, showing a maximal wavelength shift about 20 nm, i.e., from 505 at E = 0 kV/cm (0 V) to 525 nm at E = 13.5 kV/cm (8.5 V). The marked spectral change manifests the biasing scheme as an efficient way to tune the gamut and strength of PL emission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Nanoribbon Laser

et al. 2020

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Nanoscale laser sources with downscaled device footprint, high energy efficiency, and high operation speed are pivotal for a wide array of optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications ranging from on-chip interconnects, nanospectroscopy, and sensing to optical communication. The capability of on-demand lasing output with reversible and continuous wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range enables key functionalities in wavelength-division multiplexing and finely controlled light–matter interaction, which remains an important subject under intense research. In this study, we demonstrate an electrically controlled wavelength-tunable laser based on a CdS nanoribbon (NR) structure. Typical “S”-shaped characteristics of pump power dependence were observed for dominant lasing lines, with concomitant line width narrowing. By applying an increased bias voltage across the NR device, the lasing resonance exhibits a continuous tuning from 510 to 520 nm for a bias field in the range 0–15.4 kV/cm. Systematic bias-dependent absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed, revealing a red-shifted band edge of gain medium and prolonged PL lifetime with increased electric field over the device. Both current-induced thermal reduction of the band gap and the Franz–Keldysh effect were identified to account for the modification of the lasing profile, with the former factor playing the leading role. Furthermore, dynamical switching of NR lasing was successfully demonstrated, yielding a modulation ratio up to ∼21 dB. The electrically tuned wavelength-reversible CdS NR laser in this work, therefore, presents an important step toward color-selective coherent emitters for future chip-based nanophotonic and optoelectronic circuitry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Nanoribbon Laser

et al. 2020

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“…Figure a shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a CdS nanowire with a diameter of 170 nm and a length of 13.5 μm. The excellent surface smoothness and diameter uniformity of as-synthesized nanowires can be clearly seen, which are important for low-loss optical waveguiding and construction of nanophotonic devices. − Figure b shows a sketch of the experimental arrangement for the characterization of single CdS nanowire-based TO modulators. The signal light used was a 515 nm wavelength continuous wavelength (CW) laser, while the switch light used was a 405 nm-wavelength CW laser with its intensity modulated by an optical chopper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nanowire Thermo-Optic Modulator Based on a Varshni Shift

Shi

Gong

et al. 2020

ACS Photonics

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The rapid development of nanotechnology has spurred great efforts in improving thermo-optic (TO) modulators with higher performances for optical signal processing and interconnects, in which reducing the heating structure and increasing the heating efficiency is one of the most effective approaches to faster response and lower power consumption. Here we demonstrate a single-nanowire all-optical TO modulator based on a temperature-dependent Varshni shift of the band gap. A bottom-up grown single-crystal cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire, 170 nm in diameter and 13.5 μm in length, is used as an optical waveguide to handle the signal and an ultracompact nanoheater simultaneously when the signal and the switch light are copropagated through the nanowire. The switch-light-induced temperature change causes a band gap shift of the nanowire, which in turn modulates the signal light propagated inside. By merging the two functionalities in a single nanowire, such an all-optical TO modulator shows the following advantages: faster response, ultrasmall footprint, high heating efficiency, and low power consumption. Using a switch light with 91 μW of power and a 405 nm wavelength, a modulation depth of ∼86% was achieved for a signal light with 287 μW of power and a 515 nm wavelength, with a modulation time less than 20 μs.

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“…With the increase of the input laser intensity, these Por-COFs exhibit the NLO conversion from saturated SA to RSA, which may enable the application of optical switches. [181] Additionally, the metallized Por-COFs have a larger nonlinear absorption coefficient (4500 cm GW −1 ), owing to the increase of the rigidity of the system caused by the introduction of metal ions and the effective charge transfer transition between the d-orbit of metal ions and the π-orbit of porphyrin. Moreover, for crystalline porous materials with a π-conjugated system, the NLO properties of the material can be significantly enhanced by the introduction of substituents to form an asymmetrically substituted pushpull system.…”

Section: Organic/inorganic Hybrid Porous Materials For Third-order Nlomentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline Porous Materials for Nonlinear Optics

Shi

Han

et al. 2021

Small

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metal chalcogenides, [17,18] graphdiyne, [19][20][21] etc.) and perovskites [22][23][24][25][26] have been in a state of vigorous development and rapid advances for applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, energy conversion, due to their autologous admirable chemistry and physics characteristics. [27,28] Porous materials, a scientifically evolving and functionally compelling class of solid compounds with well-defined pore structures, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and polyoxometalates (POMs), have attracted broad research interest because of their wide applications in many fields including, but not limited to, adsorption, separation, catalysis, and photovoltaics. [29][30][31][32] Through fine control over the organic units to create predesigned skeletons, an exceptionally large set of materials with unique porous structures and remarkable properties have been developed. [33,34] MOFs, also known as coordination polymers or coordination networks, are one class of crystalline porous materials prepared by the self-assembly of metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. [35] They have drawn tremendous research interest for their customizable chemical structures along with unique chemical and physical properties, [36][37][38][39][40][41] which guarantee their wide applications as adsorption and separation, catalysts, magnetic, and light emitting materials. [36,[42][43][44][45] The use of appropriate ligands with optimized electronic push-pull structures, the degree of conjugation in the system and the encapsulation of guest molecules with different properties are some of the effective strategies to enhance the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the MOFs materials. [46][47][48] COFs, constructed from organic moltifs linking through strong covalent bonding, are a kind of crystalline porous materials in which the atoms of organic units are precisely integrated to create periodic frameworks and nanopores. [49,50] Although the thermal stability and crystallinity of COFs are lower than MOFs, they have received wide attention due to their low density, large surface area and strong ππ stacking. [51][52][53][54] It has been appreciated that the applications of COFs materials in third-order NLO such as two-photon fluorescence have been well developed in recent years. [55][56][57] Similar to MOFs and COFs, POMs formed by the coordination of early transition metals and oxygen atoms are a class of crystalline porous materials with unique structures and properties for their exceptional crystallinity and high stability. [58] POMs are intrinsically electron deficient, and their electronaccepting capability in combination with highly delocalized π-conjugated systems is particularly promising for producing NLO materials. [59,60] The structure of all the crystalline porous Crystalline porous materials have been extensively explored for wide applications in many fields including nonlinear optics (NLO) for frequency doubling, two-photon absorption/emission, optical limiting effect,...

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Phonon‐Assisted Electro‐Optical Switches and Logic Gates Based on Semiconductor Nanostructures

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

An Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Nanoribbon Laser

An Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Nanoribbon Laser

Single-Nanowire Thermo-Optic Modulator Based on a Varshni Shift

Crystalline Porous Materials for Nonlinear Optics

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