Phosphatase and actin regulator 4 is associated with intermediate filaments in adult neural stem cells and their progenitor astrocytes

Cho, Hyo M in; Kim, Joo Y eon; Kim, Hyun; Sun, Woong

doi:10.1007/s00418-014-1220-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, previous studies have found only limited evidence for parallel patterns of spatially-varying selection in Atlantic eels ( Ulrik et al 2014 ). Among the five candidate genes shared between species, three ( pactr4b , SNX14 , and SHANK3 ) are implicated in brain development ( Cho et al 2014 ; Ha et al 2015 ; Kozol et al 2015 ), perhaps reflecting similar selective constraints on this biological pathway in the two species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAD-Seq Reveals Patterns of Additive Polygenic Variation Caused by Spatially-Varying Selection in the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Babin

Gagnaire

Pavey

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) has an exceptional life cycle characterized by panmictic reproduction at the species scale, random dispersal, and selection in a highly heterogeneous habitat extending from subtropical to subarctic latitudes. The genetic consequences of spatially-varying selection in this species have been investigated for decades, revealing subtle clines in allele frequency at a few loci that contrast with complete panmixia on the vast majority of the genome. Because reproduction homogenizes allele frequencies every generation, sampling size, and genomic coverage are critical to reach sufficient power to detect selected loci in this context. Here, we used a total of 710 individuals from 12 sites and 12,098 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms to re-evaluate the extent to which local selection affects the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in this species. We used environmental association methods to identify markers under spatially-varying selection, which indicated that selection affects ∼1.5% of the genome. We then evaluated the extent to which candidate markers collectively vary with environmental factors using additive polygenic scores. We found significant correlations between polygenic scores and latitude, longitude and temperature which are consistent with polygenic selection acting against maladapted genotypes in different habitats occupied by eels throughout their range of distribution. Gene functions associated with outlier markers were significantly enriched for the insulin signaling pathway, indicating that the trade-offs inherent to occupying such a large distribution range involve the regulation of metabolism. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the additive polygenic scores approach in detecting selective effects in a complex environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAD-Seq Reveals Patterns of Additive Polygenic Variation Caused by Spatially-Varying Selection in the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Babin

Gagnaire

Pavey

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…Tissues were isolated and incubated with Accutase (Innovative Cell Technologies) for 5 min at 37°C. Dissociated cells were seeded on an ultralow attachment surface of a six-well dish and maintained as neurospheres in N2 media containing 1% serum-free N2, 2% B27 supplement, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco BRL) in DMEM/F12 medium (Welgene) as previously described [20]. Neurospheres were grown for 7 days in culture media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 20 ng/ mL; R&D) and epidermal growth factor (EGF, 20 ng/mL; Invitrogen).…”

Section: Nsc Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Secondary Neural Tube-Derived Embryonic Neural Stem Cells In Vitro

Shaker

Kim

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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Secondary neurulation is an embryonic progress that gives rise to the secondary neural tube, the precursor of the lower spinal cord region. The secondary neural tube is derived from aggregated Sox2-expressing neural cells at the dorsal region of the tail bud, which eventually forms rosette or tube-like structures to give rise to neural tissues in the tail bud. We addressed whether the embryonic tail contains neural stem cells (NSCs), namely secondary NSCs (sNSCs), with the potential for self-renewal in vitro. Using in vitro neurosphere assays, neurospheres readily formed at the rosette and neural-tube levels, but less frequently at the tail bud tip level. Furthermore, we identified that sNSC-generated neurospheres were significantly smaller in size compared with cortical neurospheres. Interestingly, various cell cycle analyses revealed that this difference was not due to a reduction in the proliferation rate of NSCs, but rather the neuronal commitment of sNSCs, as sNSC-derived neurospheres contain more committed neuronal progenitor cells, even in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). These results suggest that the higher tendency for sNSCs to spontaneously differentiate into progenitor cells may explain the limited expansion of the secondary neural tube during embryonic development.

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“…Adult mouse were sacrificed and the brain was isolated. After making 1-mm brain slices, the Subventricular zone (SVZ) tissues were isolated and incubated with digestion buffer including 0.8% papain (Worthington, Lakewood, NJ, USA) and 0.08% dispase II (Roche Applied Science) in HBSS for 45 min at 37 °C) 43 . Dissociated cells were seeded and maintained as neurospheres in DMEM/F12 media containing 1% N2, 2% B27, and penicillin-streptomycin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ECM protein micropatterns on the migration and differentiation of adult neural stem cells

Joo

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The migration and differentiation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) are believed to be strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the stem cell niche. In vitro culture platform, which involves the specific spatial distribution of ECM protein, could offer novel tools for better understanding of aNSC behavior in the spatial pattern of ECM proteins. In this work, we applied soft-lithographic technique to design simple and reproducible laminin (LN)-polylysine cell culture substrates and investigated how aNSCs respond to the various spatial distribution of laminin, one of ECM proteins enriched in the aNSC niche. We found that aNSC preferred to migrate and attach to LN stripes, and aNSC-derived neurons and astrocytes showed significant difference in motility towards LN stripes. By changing the spacing of LN stripes, we were able to control the alignment of neurons and astrocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to investigate the differential cellular responses of aNSCs on ECM protein (LN) and cell adhesive synthetic polymer (PDL) using surface micropatterns. Our findings would provide a deeper understanding in astrocyte-neuron interactions as well as ECM-stem cell interactions.

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Phosphatase and actin regulator 4 is associated with intermediate filaments in adult neural stem cells and their progenitor astrocytes

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

RAD-Seq Reveals Patterns of Additive Polygenic Variation Caused by Spatially-Varying Selection in the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

RAD-Seq Reveals Patterns of Additive Polygenic Variation Caused by Spatially-Varying Selection in the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Identification and Characterization of Secondary Neural Tube-Derived Embryonic Neural Stem Cells In Vitro

Effects of ECM protein micropatterns on the migration and differentiation of adult neural stem cells

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