Phosphate enhance recovery from wastewater by mechanism analysis and optimization of struvite settleability in fluidized bed reactor

Fang, Cheng; Zhang, Tao; Jiang, Rongfeng; Ohtake, Hisao

doi:10.1038/srep32215

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to thermodynamics, smaller struvite crystals are supposed to dissolve in favour of the growth of larger crystals with time (i.e. Ostwald ripening mechanism (Delgado-López et al 2014;Fang et al 2016)). Formation of struvite has been studied intensively in communal and industrial waste water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phosphorus recovery from animal manure and digestate : Laboratory and pilot experiments

Schoumans

Ehlert

Regelink

et al. 2017

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Chemical phosphorus recovery from animal manure and digestate; Laboratory and pilot experiments.Wageningen, Wageningen Environmental Research, Report 2849. 114 pp.; 43 fig.; 37 tab.; 41 ref.Since a number of decades the Netherlands faces manure surpluses, because the amount of phosphate produced in animal manure is larger than the amount that can be applied on agricultural land according to the application limits. This surplus needs to be exported from the Dutch agricultural sector. The costs of manure export are however high, and therefore new, simple and cheap innovative techniques are needed to recover phosphate from fresh or digested manure (digestate). The relative small amount of concentrated recovered P can be transported more economically for use outside the Netherlands or can be utilized as secondary P resource for industries, e.g. for the production of fertiliser. We report laboratory and pilot experiments that were carried out in search for cheap and innovative techniques of phosphorus recovery. The main goal of the experiments was to reduce the P-content in pig slurry or digested pig slurry by 25% to 75%. If this goal can be reached with -recovery, in principle all manure including its valuable components (organic matter and other nutrients) can be applied sustainably on agricultural land in The Netherlands. The results show that both on laboratory scale and pilot scale 25-75% of P can be technically recovered with the so called 'acid-base approach'. From a sustainability point of view the impact is positives in terms of energy savings, CO 2 -savings, phosphorus savings and also nitrogen savings. The economical perspective is also positive but will strongly depend on the disposal prices of treated pig slurry with a reduced P content and its value as substitute for mineral N fertiliser and value in terms of organic soil improver on the manure market.Keywords: phosphate, manure, digestate, intensive livestock production, phosphate recovery, pig slurry, manure treatment, manure separation. • Acquisition, duplication and transmission of this publication is permitted with clear acknowledgement of the source.• Acquisition, duplication and transmission is not permitted for commercial purposes and/or monetary gain.• Acquisition, duplication and transmission is not permitted of any parts of this publication for which the copyrights clearly rest with other parties and/or are reserved. New innovative approaches are needed to close the phosphorus (P) cycle in The Netherlands because the agricultural sector currently produces about 25% more P, in the form of manure, than can be applied on land. One promising solution to deal with the surplus amount of P in manure is to recover the surplus of P in the form of a mineral P product for use as a P fertiliser (for export) or as a raw P feedstock for the P fertiliser industries. This idea for 'closing the manure P cycle in The Netherlands' has been circulating for a while, but was never thought well over until in 2013 a Public Private Partnership (PPP) was set up with t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phosphorus recovery from animal manure and digestate : Laboratory and pilot experiments

Schoumans

Ehlert

Regelink

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, the concentration of component-ions has direct correlations with the saturation index (SI) of the solution, hence directly influences the nucleation and growth. Higher initial concentrations of P, keeping all other component concentrations and operating conditions constant, resulted in larger diameter of struvite crystals (Fang et al, 2016). Fang et al (2016) observed an increase of > 300% in diameter of the struvite crystals (20.5 µm to 69.3 µm) when the initial concentration of P was increased from 155 mg.L -1 to 930 mg.L -1 .…”

Section: Influence Of Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Precipitation of struvite is subject to a number of physico-chemical parameters: pH (Nelson et al, 2003;Fang et al, 2016), component-ion molar ratios (Nelson et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2005), intensity of mixing (Fang et al, 2016), and presence of foreign ions (Muryanto & Bayuseno, 2014;Saidou et al, 2015).…”

Section: Influence Of a Number Of Process Parameters On Struvite Precmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature mildly affects the reaction rates of struvite. Fang et al (2016), investigating an unseeded precipitation of struvite using synthetic wastewater in a fluidized bed reactor, found that the average size of crystals increased steadily (from 65 µm to 69 µm) as the temperature was elevated from 21 o C to 49 o C. These findings seem contradictory to the established concept that higher temperatures would cause higher solubility with the implication that struvite is more difficult to precipitate (Le Corre et al, 2009). It can be argued, therefore, that temperature affects the relative rates of diffusion as well as surface integration of particles or component-ions in a positive manner (Le Corre et al, 2005).…”

Section: Influence Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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On precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O)

Muryanto

2017

JoSSE

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Excessive input of N and P into water bodies causes eutrophication which leads to deterioration of aquatic evironments and has adverse effects naturally and economically. It is therefore urgent to remove N and P from wastewater prior to disposal into inland and coastal waters. Among the various removal methods, controlled struvite precipitation is preferred. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) precipitates uncontrollably under the specific conditions producing a scale deposit causing persistent problems in industries and wastewater treatment plants. The scale deposit clogs the piping system and impair plant equipment. On the other hand, thanks to its composition and properties, struvite is a potential fertilizer. In medical field, struvite is a common component of kidney stones. A number of process parameters govern the struvite precipitation. This paper briefly presents these parameters: pH, molar ratios, temperature, mixing, and presence of foreign ions. pH level is considered as the most important variable affecting the precipitation of struvite and the pH level: 9.5 to 10.5 is seen as the optimum. For an effective precipitation the molar ratios of the struvite components, i.e. Mg:N:P should be at least unity. With regard to struvite solubility, the effect of temperature, in the range of 21oC to 49oC, is conflicting, which is probably due to different experimental conditions. Whilst agitation is not regarded as a decisive parameter, the influence of foreign ions, notably divalent metal ions, on struvite morphology and change of crystal phases is significant.

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“…On the other hand, struvite is a potential source of phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium and therefore it is a main compound recovered from wastewater and converted into useful fertilizer containing these elements (for example Refs. [19][20][21][22][23]). The recovery of struvite from wastewater is especially essential in view of phosphorus [15,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Struvite Grown in Gel, Its Crystal Structure at 90 K and Thermoanalytical Study

2019

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In this article, we report the crystallization of struvite in sodium metasilicate gel by single diffusion gel growth technique. The obtained crystals have a very rich morphology displaying 18 faces. In this study, the habit and morphology of the obtained struvite crystals are analyzed. The crystals were examined and identified as pure struvite by single X-ray diffraction (XRD). The orthorhombic polar noncentrosymmetric space group Pmn21 was identified. The structure of the crystal was determined at a temperature of 90 K. Our research indicates a lack of polymorphism, resulting from the temperature lowering to 90 K, which has not been previously reported. The determined unit cell parameters are as follows a = 6.9650(2) Å, b = 6.1165(2) Å, c = 11.2056(3) Å. The structure of struvite is presented here with a residual factor R1 = 1.2% at 0.80 Å resolution. We also present thermoanalytical study of struvite using thermal analysis techniques such as thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

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Phosphate enhance recovery from wastewater by mechanism analysis and optimization of struvite settleability in fluidized bed reactor

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Chemical phosphorus recovery from animal manure and digestate : Laboratory and pilot experiments

Chemical phosphorus recovery from animal manure and digestate : Laboratory and pilot experiments

On precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O)

Struvite Grown in Gel, Its Crystal Structure at 90 K and Thermoanalytical Study

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