Phosphate enrichment in the sandy loam soils of West-Flanders, Belgium

Smet, Johan De; Hofman, Georges; Vanderdeelen, Jean; Meirvenne, Marc Van; Baert, L.

doi:10.1007/bf00747704

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Values of P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) > 22.5% (Provin 1996) or Pi ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) > 23% (Yuan and Lavkulich 1995) would lead to equilibrium P solution concentrations > 0.1 mg L -1 . These P saturation degrees of 23 or 25% are 1.5 times higher than the critical value of 30% retained by De Smet et al (1996a) and Leinweber et al (1997) using the P ox /0.5(Al ox + Fe ox ) index (equivalent to P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) of 15%). However, they would correspond to the upper limit of the Dutch critical range of 25 to 40% for the P ox /0.5(Al ox + Fe ox ) index (cited by Paulter and Sims 1997).…”

Section: Critical Threshold Of Soil P Saturationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

Beauchemin¹,

Simard²

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

149

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Beauchemin, S. and Simard, R. R. 1999. Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 615-625. Many agricultural fields contain excessive labile soil P in regard to crop needs. Its environmental fate must be assessed. The concept of P saturation degree is meaningful as it describes the portion of the soil binding sites already covered with P, and indicates the potential desorbability of soil P. The first objective of this study was to review different indices that have been proposed to estimate the degree of soil P saturation and the relationships between soil P saturation degree and P solubility. The second objective is to discuss their suitability as environmental indicators for P management in the province of Québec, Canada. In the Netherlands, the P saturation index is defined as the ratio of P to Al + Fe contents extracted by ammonium oxalate [P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) or (P ox /0.5(Al ox + Fe ox )]. This approach has been mainly used with non-calcareous soils. In Québec, the ratio of Mehlich-III extractable P to Al (M3P/AlM3) is proposed as an alternative, which relies on routine laboratory test. However, the suitability of the M3P/AlM3 ratio has yet to be determined for some specific soil groups (e.g. gleyed soils, soils with Al ox content >6 g kg -1 ) and for subsoil horizons. Regardless of the chosen index, it is suggested that the best way to manage the risk of water contamination by P in Québec (namely, defining critical levels of soil P saturation) may be to form homogeneous soil groups to account for their distinctive behaviour and characteristics.Key words: Phosphorus, saturation, management Beauchemin, S. et Simard, R. R. 1999. Degré de saturation en P du sol: revue de quelques indices et de leur utilité pour la gestion du P au Québec, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 615-625. Plusieurs sols agricoles présentent des teneurs excessives en P labile comparées aux besoins des cultures. Le devenir environnemental de ce P doit être évalué. La notion de degré de saturation en P d'un sol est particulièrement intéressante parce qu'elle donne une mesure de la proportion des sites de sorption déjà occupés par le P tout en indiquant le potentiel de désorption du P. Le premier objectif de cette étude est de revoir différents indices qui ont été proposés pour estimer le degré de saturation en P du sol et la fiabilité de ces indices à prédire la solubilité du P dans différents types de sol. Le deuxième objectif est de faire ressortir certains aspects à considérer pour favoriser pleinement leur utilisation comme indicateurs environnementaux dans la gestion du P pour la province de Québec, Canada. En Hollande, l'index de saturation en P est défini par le rapport entre le contenu en P et celui en Fe et Al extraits par l'oxalate d'ammonium [P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) ou (P ox /0.5(Al ox + Fe ox )]. Ces indices ont été étudiés principalement sur des sols non calcaires. Au Québec, le rapport entre le contenu en P et celui en Al extrait au...

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Section: Critical Threshold Of Soil P Saturationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

Beauchemin¹,

Simard²

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Again, this is explained by the location of the fields. In the eastern part of the region, phosphate saturation of the soil is most frequent (De Smet et al, 1995b). This finding goes with the expansion of the pig Downloaded by [JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY] Mean variance (s 2 ) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the phosphate sorption capacity (PSC) and phosphate saturation degree (PSD) for the total profile at the micro scale (5 separate augerings in an area of 30m 2 ).…”

Section: 00mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The sandy loam soil region of West-Flanders was sampled according to a regular grid with unit dimensions 2 km (De Smet et al, 1995b). In total, 296 observations were made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the phosphate saturation degree of the sandy loam soils in west‐flanders, Belgium

Smet

Hofman

Meirvenne

et al. 1996

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The variability of the phosphate sorption capacity (PSC) and the phosphate saturation degree (PSD) of the soil profile was studied in the sandy loam soil region (±1000 km 2 ) of West-Flanders at different scales. In the frame of a regional inventory, the soil profile was sampled at 2000 m intervals on a square grid.In total, 296 observations were made. Additionally, in this area, 21 fields were sampled in detail: 15 augerings per field were made. Finally, on one field, seven observations were made at the micro scale: five augerings within a circular area of 30 m 2 . All soil samples were analyzed for ammoniumoxalate extractable Fe, Al and P and the PSC and the PSD were calculated. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the PSC of the whole soil profile 0-90 cm was found to be 7% on the micro scale, 20% on the field scale and 28% on the regional scale. The CV of the PSD was found to be 9%, 21%, and 48% respectively. This means already quite a proportion, about 20%, in variation in PSC and PSD is situated at short distances (< 5m). Most of the variability in PSC is already found at the field level. On the contrary, the CV of the PSD is twice as high on the regional scale compared to the field scale. This may be explained by the regional structure of the P inputs, due to the local intensification of pig breeding activities. The criterion phosphate saturation is stochastically 1875 lognormal distribution of the PSD, the critical PSD of 24% is translated into a practical threshold PSD of 26% if 15 measurements per field are taken and a probability of 95% is pursued.

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“…The DSPS is related to soluble soil P levels and thus to the potential for P transfer in overland and subsurface pathways (Sharpley 1995b;Sims et al 1998). In The Netherlands and Belgium, DSPS in the soil layers above the water table is used as an index to predict the risk of water table contamination by P ( Van der Zee et al 1987;Breeuwsma et al 1995;De Smet et al 1996). This DSPS is calculated as the ratio of ammonium-oxalate-extractable P/P sorption maximum.…”

Section: P Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator of risk of water contamination by P for Soil Landscape of Canada polygons

Bolinder

Simard²,

Beauchemin³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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The indicator of risk of water contamination (IROWC) is a component of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agri-Environmental Indicator project. The IROWC measures progress in reducing the risk of water contamination from agricultural activities, focusing on N and P. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for an IROWC-P applicable at the Soil Landscape of Canada (SLC) polygon level (1:1 000 000 map scale) using an indexing approach. The sources of data included Census of Agriculture, SLC and soil survey databases and provincial soil test data. The IROWC-P considers the following site characteristics: soil erosion and potential for overland flow, annual P balance (crop residues, manure and inorganic fertilizer), soil test P (STP) and degree of soil P saturation (DSPS). IROWC-P classifies polygons for their potential risk of P transfer to surface waters according to five vulnerability classes (i.e., very low, low, medium, high and very high). The methodology was tested on a pilot basis for selected SLC polygons in the province of Quebec using 1981 and 1991 census data. Preliminary results indicated that the proposed methodology showed some sensitivity to changes in agricultural practices between 1981 and 1991 and reflected differences in risk of P contamination from areas of intensive compared to areas of extensive agriculture. The difference between the selected areas was mainly attributed to the STP, DSPS, manure and inorganic fertilizer P polygon characteristics. The temporal variations in the IROWC-P ratings were attributed mainly to the manure and inorganic fertilizer P polygon characteristics. Key words: Degree of soil P saturation, soil P index, environmental risk, soil test P

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Phosphate enrichment in the sandy loam soils of West-Flanders, Belgium

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

Variability of the phosphate saturation degree of the sandy loam soils in west‐flanders, Belgium

Indicator of risk of water contamination by P for Soil Landscape of Canada polygons

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