Phosphate flow into mycorrhizal roots

Sanders, F. E.; Tinker, P. B.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780040316

Cited by 300 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sanders & Tinker, 1973;Wilson, 1988). This, together with their widespread occurrence in natural ecosystems (St. John & Coleman, 1983), has led researchers to assume that they play an important role in natural plant communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

1990

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SUMMARYThe fungicide ' Rovral' (iprodione) was applied in granular form in an attempt to reduce VA mycorrhizal infection of plants during the early stages of secondary plant succession, namely the first year of colonization of bare ground. In 7 out of 11 plant species examined, infection levels were reduced by the fungicide. Four of these also showed reduced cover abundance as a result of fungicide application. Since three were annual forbs, which as a plant lifehistory grouping comprised 73 % of the community, total cover of the vegetation (as measured by point quadrats) was significantly reduced by the fungicide. In three species, reduced infection levels did not appear to result in reduced vegetation cover. The reasons for this are discussed in relation to the dependency of plants on mycorrhizal infection. It was found that fewer plant species recruited into communities where iprodione was applied. The implications of these results, in terms of the role that mycorrhizas play in the structuring of early successional plant communities, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These apparent benefits are generally thought to result from improved phosphate uptake (Sainz & Arines, 1988;Wilson, 1988), since it is known that there is hyphal transport of P from beyond the root depletion zone (Sanders & Tinker, 1973). The cost to the plant is a transfer of carbohydrate to the fungus (Douds, Johnson & Koch, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

1990

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“…On average, plants that are colonized by AMF grow 3.1 times larger than do uncolonized control plants (Hoeksema et al 2010). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are thought to be more efficient at scavenging for soil nutrients, owing to their larger surface-to-volume ratios (Sanders and Tinker 1973). This ability is particularly important for acquisition of P, which is relatively immobile in soil (Nye and Tinker 1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

The extent of mycorrhizal colonization of roots and its influence on plant growth and phosphorus content

2013

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Aims The most common metric of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) abundance is percent root length colonized (PRLC) by mycorrhizal structures. Frequently, plants with greater PRLC are assumed to receive more nutrients (such as phosphorus, P) from their mycorrhizal symbionts, leading to greater plant growth. Nevertheless, the functional significance of this metric remains controversial. In this review, I discuss whether manipulations of PRLC generally led to changes in plant biomass and P content, and whether AMF taxa and plant functional groups influence these relationships. Methods I conducted a meta-analysis of laboratoryand field-based trials in which mycorrhizal colonization was directly altered compared to unmanipulated controls. For each trial, I calculated (1) the difference in PRLC (ΔPRLC) between the treatments, and (2) the response ratio of plant biomass. In a subset of these studies, the response ratio of P content of host plants could also be calculated. ResultsThe response ratio of plant biomass and P content rose significantly and exponentially as ΔPRLC increased. Nevertheless, ΔPRLC explained only a fraction of the variation in response ratios in each case. Moreover, AMF taxa varied in their effects on biomass per unit ΔPRLC. In addition, plant functional groups differed in effects on plant P content per unit ΔPRLC, with C4 grasses responding most strongly. Conclusions It appears that as the extent to which plant roots are colonized by AMF increases, plant growth and P content often increase, although substantial variability exists among trials. As others have found, a likely mechanism for this relationship is increased transfer of P (and perhaps other nutrients) through the more-prevalent mycorrhizal structures.

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“…Hardie & Leyton (1981) and Allen (1982) provided experimental support for a mechanism of direct water flow through hyphae. Others (Sanders & Tinker, 1973;Cooper & Tinker, 1981) have found that hyphae of VA mycorrhizas may not transport sufficient quantities of water to alter shoot water relations. Our in situ studies with green ash, under well watered conditions, indicate that external hyphae do not increase the elective length of seedling root systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root hydraulic conductivity of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal green ash seedlings

Andersen¹,

Markhart²,

Dixon³

et al. 1988

New Phytologist

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SU M !M ARYGreen ash {Pra.xinus pennsvtvanica Marsh.) was either inoculated or not with Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerd. and Rrown for 37 d to permit root colonization. Root hydraulic conductivity {L^) per unit length was measured on excised root systems to examine the influence of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza inoculation, seedling size, phosphorus (P) nutrition, and biotnass distribution. Fertilization with P eliminated significant differences in seedling size and dry matter distribution between mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) seedlings, but VA mycorrhizas increased root and leaf P concentration. Root L,, was similar in M and NM seedlings of similar size, and was lower in M seedlings for a given root P concentration. Root L^^ decreased with age and weight, and increased as the proportion of dry weight in the leaves increased in both M and NM seedlings. Mycorrhizal colonization had no significant effect on root /." in the absence of a significant growth response.

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Phosphate flow into mycorrhizal roots

Cited by 300 publications

References 14 publications

A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community

The extent of mycorrhizal colonization of roots and its influence on plant growth and phosphorus content

Root hydraulic conductivity of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal green ash seedlings

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